(n.) Any one of a series of cyanogen compounds; particularly, one of those cyanides of alcohol radicals which, by boiling with acids or alkalies, produce a carboxyl acid, with the elimination of the nitrogen as ammonia.
Example Sentences:
(1) The gossylic nitriles all retain activity, with activity increasing with the length of the peri-acyl group.
(2) Photoresponsive nitrile hydratase from Rhodococcus sp.
(3) R312, a coryneform strain producing nitrile hydratase and amidase.
(4) The following processes are discussed in this article: enzyme-catalysed hydrolyses of carboxylic acid esters and amides, phosphate esters, nitriles and epoxides; esterification and inter-esterification reactions catalysed by enzymes; reduction of ketones to secondary alcohols using whole-cell systems or isolated dehydrogenases; oxidation of alicyclic and aromatic substrates using mono-oxygenases and dioxygenases in bacteria and fungi including enzyme-catalysed Baeyer-Villiger oxidations; aldol reactions, formation of optically active cyanohydrins and enzyme-catalysed acyloin type reactions.
(5) Finally, knowledge regarding the mechanism of toxicological action provided valuable information in relating toxicological properties among the aliphatic nitriles.
(6) The most probable one is the chlorination of the protein terminal amino groups, followed by the breakdown of the N-chloramine so formed into alpha-ketocarboxylic acid, nitrile or aldehyde groups.
(7) The liquid chromatographic separation of the compounds of interest and the internal standard (indomethacin) is accomplished in an isocratic elution procedure using a nitrile (CN) stationary phase.
(8) In contrast, six closely related non-nitrile ligands containing identical peptide side chains but having C-terminal groups incapable of binding covalently to papain had unmeasureably high dissociation constants.
(9) Similarly the glucosinolate aglucones, isothiocyanates or vinyl oxazolidinethione, were not transferred to milk although small amounts of unsaturated nitrile (1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene) and inorganic thiocyanate were detected in milk.
(10) When propionitrile was the growth substrate, there was complete conversion of the nitrile to propionic acid and ammonia as the major products.
(11) A study was carried out on terminal, infiltrational and conductive anaesthetic activity of new aliphatic-aromatic aminoamides, C6H5CR(NHCOR'') - (CH2)nNR'2, which are the result of reaction between corresponding aminocarbinoles with nitriles in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid.
(12) The covalent adduct is most likely a thioimidate formed between the essential thiol and the nitrile.
(13) Inhibition of DPP-I by 3d provides only the second example of a cysteine protease which is strongly inhibited by a nitrile analogue of a specific substrate.
(14) The finding of PQQ in nitrile hydratase strongly suggests a new function of PQQ, i.e., the activation of H2O in the enzymatic hydration reaction.
(15) Several p-nitroanilide substrates and their corresponding nitrile inhibitors were examined.
(16) A number of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoling-8-nitriles and -8-thioamides and related compounds have been found to be potent inhibitors of basal gastric secretion in the pylorus-ligated rat and to afford protection against gastric erosions induced in rats by cold-restraint stress.
(17) It was postulated that the facile hydrolysis is the result of an intramolecular-catalyzed reaction resulting from the formation of a transient cyclic intermediate between nitrile carbon and exocyclic nitrogen.
(18) This procedure was sufficient to predict correctly that nitrile would protect better than neoprene; however, direct experimental confirmation was necessary to select the type of nitrile material which provided optimum protection.
(19) An aliquot of the extract was injected onto the HPLC nitrile reversed-phase column.
(20) Methacrylonitrile, a reactive, unsaturated and methylated aliphatic nitrile, has industrial applications in a variety of organic processes related to the polymer industry.
Organic
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to an organ or its functions, or to objects composed of organs; consisting of organs, or containing them; as, the organic structure of animals and plants; exhibiting characters peculiar to living organisms; as, organic bodies, organic life, organic remains. Cf. Inorganic.
(a.) Produced by the organs; as, organic pleasure.
(a.) Instrumental; acting as instruments of nature or of art to a certain destined function or end.
(a.) Forming a whole composed of organs. Hence: Of or pertaining to a system of organs; inherent in, or resulting from, a certain organization; as, an organic government; his love of truth was not inculcated, but organic.
(a.) Pertaining to, or denoting, any one of the large series of substances which, in nature or origin, are connected with vital processes, and include many substances of artificial production which may or may not occur in animals or plants; -- contrasted with inorganic.
Example Sentences:
(1) The high amino acid levels in the cells suggest that these cells act as inter-organ transporters and reservoirs of amino acids, they have a different role in their handling and metabolism from those of mammals.
(2) These organic compounds were found to be stable on the sorbent tubes for at least seven days.
(3) The main clinical features pertaining to the concept of the "psycho-organic syndrome" (POS) were investigated in a sample of children who suffered from severe craniocerebral trauma.
(4) After 3 and 6 months, blood collected by cardiocentesis using ether anesthesia and then sacrificed to remove CNS and internal organs.
(5) Addition of phospholipase A2 from Vipera russelli venom led to a significant increase in the activity of guanylate cyclase in various rat organs.
(6) For the first time it was organized on the basis of population.
(7) Acceptance of less than ideal donors is ill-advised even though rejection of such donors conflicts with the current shortage of organs.
(8) There is no evidence that health-maintenance organizations reduce admissions in discretionary or "unnecessary" categories; instead, the data suggest lower admission rates across the board.
(9) We conclude that chloramphenicol resistance encoded by Tn1696 is due to a permeability barrier and hypothesize that the gene from P. aeruginosa may share a common ancestral origin with these genes from other gram-negative organisms.
(10) Recovery of CV-3988 from plasma averaged 81.7% for the column procedure and 40% for the organic extraction.
(11) One of the main users is coastal planning organizations and conservation organizations that are working on coral reefs.
(12) Infection with opportunistic organisms, either singly or in combination, is known to occur in immunocompromised patients.
(13) The causative organisms included viruses, fungi, and bacteria of both high and low pathogenicity.
(14) A chronic cannulation procedure is described which allows for sampling vomeronasal organ (VNO) contents repeatedly in freely moving conscious subjects.
(15) Neither Brucella organisms, nor increased numbers of neutrophils could be found in semen samples collected from the experimental animals.
(16) The lineage and clonality of Hodgkin's disease (HD) were investigated by analyzing the organization of the immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor beta-chain (T beta) gene loci in 18 cases of HD, and for comparison, in a panel of 103 cases of B- and T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) and lymphoid leukemias (LLs).
(17) A review is made from literature and an inventory of psychological and organic factors implicated in this pathology.
(18) The authors conclude that H. pylori alone causes little or no effect on an intact gastric mucosa in the rat, that either intact organisms or bacteria-free filtrates cause similar prolongation and delayed healing of pre-existing ulcers with active chronic inflammation, and that the presence of predisposing factors leading to disruption of gastric mucosal integrity may be required for the H. pylori enhancement of inflammation and tissue damage in the stomach.
(19) Data is available to support the early influences of enamel organ epithelium upon a responding mesenchyme in the determination of dental morphogenetic fields (Dryburg, 1967; Miller, 1969).
(20) The four deaths were not related to the injuries of parenchymatous organs.