What's the difference between nitrogen and phenanthridine?
Nitrogen
Definition:
(n.) A colorless nonmetallic element, tasteless and odorless, comprising four fifths of the atmosphere by volume. It is chemically very inert in the free state, and as such is incapable of supporting life (hence the name azote still used by French chemists); but it forms many important compounds, as ammonia, nitric acid, the cyanides, etc, and is a constituent of all organized living tissues, animal or vegetable. Symbol N. Atomic weight 14. It was formerly regarded as a permanent noncondensible gas, but was liquefied in 1877 by Cailletet of Paris, and Pictet of Geneva.
Example Sentences:
(1) These results are discussed in relation to the possible existence of enzyme-bound intermediates of nitrogen fixation.
(2) The measurement of the intestinal metabolism of the nitrogen moiety of glutamic acid has been investigated by oral ingestion of l-[15N]glutamic acid and sampling of arterialized blood.
(3) The induction of cells with two Y chromosomes by nitrogen mustard (NM) was examined.
(4) The disappearance of the herbicide, Avadex (40% diallate), from five agricultural soils (differing in either pH, carbon content, or nitrogen content), incubated under sterile and non-sterile conditions, was followed for a period of 20 weeks.
(5) Suspensions of isolated insect flight muscle thick filaments were embedded in layers of vitreous ice and visualized in the electron microscope under liquid nitrogen conditions.
(6) Airway closure (CV), functional residual capacity (FRC) and the distribution of inspired gas (nitrogen washout delay percentage, NWOD %) and arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) was measured by standard electrodes in eight extremely obese patients before and after weight loss (mean weights 142 and 94 kg, respectively) following intestinal shunt operation.
(7) Formula fed infants retained more nitrogen and gained weight faster.
(8) Triglyceride (Trigly) in female dogs, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and urea nitrogen (Urea-N) in male dogs tended to increase.
(9) Nitrogen retention was curvilinear in relation to metabolic live weight (kg0.75) in both series.
(10) Corynebacterium parvum-treated mice produce large amounts of circulating nitrogen oxides and develop a severe liver injury in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
(11) Eight men and eight women each performed peak oxygen intake tests on a cycle ergometer breathing ambient air and a mixture of 12% oxygen in nitrogen (equivalent to an altitude of 4400 m) in the two experiments.
(12) From this, it was suggested that a negligible amount of oestradiol was released from these compounds and that the oestradiol moiety was useful as a carrier for the nitrogen mustard moiety.
(13) The intravenous administration of ovine placental lactogen to pregnant and non-pregnant sheep produced significant acute decreases in plasma free fatty acid, glucose and amino nitrogen concentrations.
(14) In contrast, nitrogen incubation did not alter the basal levels of TBA reactants except for a small rise associated with VE deficiency.
(15) MCT TPN was found to have some disadvantages, especially with regard to nitrogen balance and plasma albumin levels.
(16) Nitrogen mustard (N2M) treatment of rabbits induced neutropenia, and, in ligated ileal loops, it inhibited fluid secretion induced by salmonella or by cholera toxin (CT).
(17) For dipeptides containing the amino terminal residues glycine, alanine and phenylalanine, abstraction of the hydrogen from the carbon adjacent to the peptide nitrogen was the major process leading to the spin-adducts.
(18) The raw data are obtained by capillary gas chromatography using a nitrogen-phosphorus detector.
(19) Total protein, RNA, DNA, nitrogen, free amino acids and water content were determined in both lymphatic organs.
(20) This is the first evidence supporting carbon-nitrogen bond formation as the initial site of interaction between the two substrate molecules.
Phenanthridine
Definition:
(n.) A nitrogenous hydrocarbon base, C13H9N, analogous to phenanthrene and quinoline.
Example Sentences:
(1) Different cytochemical conditions of using Propidium Iodide, a phenanthridinic fluorochrome specific for double-stranded nucleic acids, have been considered to study some structural aspects of the interphasic chromatin.
(2) The alkaloids tested included compounds from the isoquinoline, benzylisoquinoline, bisbenzylisoquinoline, monoterpene isoquinoline, berberine, morphinane, hasubanan, benzo[c]phenanthridine and aporphine groups.
(3) The sole difference between the compounds is the length of the hydrocarbon chain linking the nitroimidazole to the phenanthridine.
(4) Salts of 2,3,8,9-tetrasubstituted alkoxy-, hydroxy-, and acetoxybenzo(c)phenanthridines as well as the corresponding 6-methoxy-5,6-dihydrobenzo(c)phenanthridines were prepared from appropriate chalcones through the tetralone and the 4b,10b,11,12-tetrahydrobenzo(c)phenanthridine intermediates.
(5) On sublimation 1 and 3 formed 8,9-dimethoxy-2,3-methylenedioxybenzo[c]phenanthridine [4] which could then be converted to 5,6-dihydronitidine [5].
(6) Effects of some metabolic inhibitors, as well as of biologically active compounds (diakarb, ethidium bromide and a phenanthridine alkaloid sanguinarine) on the formed novocaine and neutral red segregation zones were studied.
(7) The structural requirement for antitumor activity in the phenanthridine series is the ability to form a C-6 iminium ion.
(8) From cell cultures of Eschscholtzia californica and their spent medium, three new benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids--namely 10-hydroxysanguinarine [2a], 12-hydroxychelirubine [4a], and 10-hydroxychelerythrine [7a]--and two new dihydrobenzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids--10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine [2b] and 12-hydroxydihydrochelirubine [4b]--together with the known constituents sanguinarine [1a], chelirubine [3a], macarpine [5a], dihydrosanguinarine [1b], dihydrochelirubine [3b], and dihydromacarpine [5b], were isolated and characterized.
(9) The toxicity of NLP-1 is reduced at least 10-fold at 0 degrees C. Its ability to radiosensitize hypoxic cells is similar to misonidazole at 0 degrees C. Thus the putative targeting of the 2-nitroimidazole, NLP-1, to DNA, via its phenanthridine group, enhances its hypoxic toxicity, but not its radiosensitizing ability under the present test conditions.
(10) It was found that the anti-depressant drugs imipramine, amitriptyline, 5-methylamino-acetyl-6-methyl-5,6-dihydro-phenanthridine-HCl (Org OI77) and 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydro-2-methyl-dibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine-HCl (mianserin, Org GB 94) potentiated the behavioural effect of DOPA in groups of mice which had been treated 17 h previously with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) iproniazid.
(11) The phenanthridine group with a three-carbon side chain, P-1, was also synthesized to allow studies on the effect of the targeting group by itself.
(12) Of five newly synthesized benzo[c]phenanthridine derivatives tested, the two compounds, BPD-I and BPD-II were found to have potent anti-edematous activity with intraperitoneal administration to S.D.
(13) The nitroimidazole-linked phenanthridine series of compounds (NLP-1, 2, and 3) were synthesized under the assumption that it should be possible to enhance the molar efficiency of 2-nitroimidazoles as hypoxic cell radiosensitizers and cytotoxins by targeting them to their likely site of action, DNA.
(14) Derivatives of the DNA-intercalating agent N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]phenanthridine-4-carboxamide have been prepared and shown to have moderate in vivo antitumor activity against both the P388 leukemia and Lewis lung carcinoma.
(15) The major metabolites of phenanthridine formed under these incubation conditions were identified as phenanthridine-N-oxide, 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrophenanthridine, and 9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthridine.
(16) A marked circadian variation in aldehyde oxidase activity was observed with several substrates (phthalazine, phenanthridine, N-phenylquinolinium and 3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-quinazolinone).
(17) The isomeric cis-dihydroxybenzo[a]-phenanthridine neither stimulated cAMP synthesis nor inhibited the cAMP synthesis induced by dopamine.
(18) A natural DNA-intercalator plant benzo-c-phenanthridine alkaloid sanguinarine is more toxic for mouse transformed fibroblast L-cells in culture than synthetic DNA-intercalator ethidium bromide (EtB) and alkaloid berberine.
(19) The ethyl acetate-extractable metabolites of phenanthridine as formed in vitro with Aroclor-induced rat liver homogenate were isolated and structurally identified.
(20) The 2-nitroimidazole linked phenanthridine, NLP-1 (5-[3-(2-nitro-1-imidazoyl)-propyl]-phenanthridinium bromide), was synthesized with the rationale of targeting the nitroimidazole to DNA via the phenanthridine ring.