(a.) Of, pertaining to, done or occuring in, the night; as, nocturnal darkness, cries, expedition, etc.; -- opposed to diurnal.
(a.) Having a habit of seeking food or moving about at night; as, nocturnal birds and insects.
(n.) An instrument formerly used for taking the altitude of the stars, etc., at sea.
Example Sentences:
(1) We evaluated the circadian pattern of gastric acidity by prolonged intraluminal pHmetry in 15 "responder" and 10 "nonresponder" duodenal ulcer patients after nocturnal administration of placebo, ranitidine, and famotidine.
(2) Both treatments depressed nocturnal pineal melatonin content in rats and hamsters.
(3) Nocturnal ST segment changes were abolished in six patients on atenolol, in six patients on nifedipine, and in five patients on isosorbide mononitrate.
(4) Stage REM frequently appeared within 10 min of stage 1 onset and the normal sequence of stages REM and 4 were altered, demonstrating that the organization of sleep within a nap is quite different from that in monophasic nocturnal sleep.
(5) The drug proved to be of high value in alleviating nocturnal coughing controlling spastic bronchitis in children, as a pretreatment before bronchological examinations and their anaesthesia.
(6) A statistically significant difference (p less than 0.01) was found between salmeterol and the association for this criteria: during the first period, 46% of subjects treated by salmeterol did not present nocturnal awakenings during the last treatment week by comparison with 15% of subjects taking the association; during the second period, corresponding figures were 39% for salmeterol by comparison with 26% for the association.
(7) Results from studies show that there can be a general hangover the morning following nocturnal doses of 2 mg.
(8) Nafarelin also allows assessment of the bioactivity of endogenous gonadotropin, is a more potent stimulus of pituitary-testicular function than endogenous GnRH secretion, and is more cost-effective than nocturnal sampling.
(9) Nocturnal penile tumescence results correlated well with the angiographic picture.
(10) One type of short-axon horizontal cell (HC) and one type of axonless HC are described in the retina of Carinae noctua, a crepuscular bird and Tyto alba, a pure nocturnal bird.
(11) When administered to adult patients with urge incontinence (generally as a 25mg twice-daily dose) terodiline reduces diurnal and nocturnal micturition frequency and incontinence episodes.
(12) To determine what effect higher nocturnal STC would have in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on overnight lung function, oxygen saturation, and sleep quality, two different theophylline products were used to give higher or lower STC during the night.
(13) A diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria may be suggested with magnetic resonance imaging, based on the massive renal cortical hemosiderosis that occurs in this disease.
(14) No IgE circadian rhythm was validated in healthy children while a large amplitude (approximately equal to 30% of the 24 hours mean) circadian rhythm with 2 diurnal peaks and a nocturnal trough was demonstrated (P less than 0.0023) in the asthmatics.
(15) These results extend the scope of immunologic circadian rhythms to the reticuloendothelial system as a feature of a bioperiodic defense mechanism, most active during the habitual rest light span of nocturnally active mice.
(16) The degree of change was comparable during the diurnal and nocturnal periods.
(17) The administration of vitamin E, a natural antioxidant, to a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) failed to diminish the urinary excretion of 59-Fe as monitored by 59-Fe whole body counting and urinary loss of isotope.
(18) Sleep percentages were higher when recordings were done during the nocturnal period.
(19) In comparison with age-matched normal controls, the fragile-X group showed lower melatonin values and a significant impairment of the nocturnal rise in this hormone.
(20) Accordingly, the effect of alpha-adrenergic stimulation and anticholinergic suppression was found to be insufficient to achieve nocturnal continence in patients with ileocaecal bladder replacement.
Shrew
Definition:
(a.) Wicked; malicious.
(a.) Originally, a brawling, turbulent, vexatious person of either sex, but now restricted in use to females; a brawler; a scold.
(a.) Any small insectivore of the genus Sorex and several allied genera of the family Sorecidae. In form and color they resemble mice, but they have a longer and more pointed nose. Some of them are the smallest of all mammals.
(a.) To beshrew; to curse.
Example Sentences:
(1) Musk shrews (Suncus murinus) were maintained for 8 weeks in long (16 h light:8 h darkness) or short (8 h light:16 h darkness) daylengths.
(2) Mating experiments indicated that the kinky-coat character is controlled by a single autosomal recessive gene designated kc (kinky coat), which is not allelic to the gene ch (curly hair) previously reported in the Tr strain derived from wild musk shrews on Taramajima Island, Japan.
(3) The feedback mechanism between the gonad and the pituitary may be slightly different in the shrew from that in other mammals.
(4) Seroprevalence surveys have shown the presence of toxoplasmosis in local meat animals (sheep, pigs and cattle) and Toxoplasma strains have been isolated from the pig, tree shrew (Tupaia glis), slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) and guinea pigs.
(5) The regression is less pronounced in voles than in shrews.
(6) The histochemical study of the Ear of female Suncus murinus (Indian musk shrew) was studied by the use of the cholinesterase technique.
(7) This difference may have relevance to the low T3 state of the shrew.
(8) 1, the time course for the photoperiodic response in juvenile male musk shrews was examined by exposing animals to short (10L:14D) or long (14L:10D or 18L:6D) daylengths for 10, 20, 40 or 56 days.
(9) A morphological study of parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland and parathyroid gland of the house shrew (Suncus murinus) was made.
(10) Special attention was given to measuring BMR in resting and postabsorptive shrews.
(11) Such an insuloacinar portal system found in the pancreas of the tree shrew was similar to that found in the horse and monkey.
(12) The contributions of the ovary and the adrenal gland to sexual behavior were examined in the female musk shrew (Suncus murinus).
(13) Adult male common shrews, both Robertsonian heterozygotes and homozygotes, were collected from Oxford and elsewhere in Britain.
(14) The adult body weight of the F1 shrews at 120 days of age averaged 86.0g in the males and 51.7g in the females.
(15) Our results suggest that GABAergic circuitry is an important part of the functional organization in the LGN of the tree shrew.
(16) In Experiment 3, ovariectomized musk shrews were treated with E2 implants.
(17) The macroscopic and microscopic distribution of intramuscularly injected, essentially monomeric, 239Pu was studied in the skeleton of the adult tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri).
(18) The lingual gingival and the alveolar mucosa of mandible of the house musk shrew (Suncus murinus) were stained by methylene blue vital staining or osmic acid staining, and mounted as whole thickness preparations.
(19) Eosinophilopoiesis in the musk shrew, Suncus murinus, a representative of the order Insectivora, was studied by light and electron microscopy.
(20) Both the segmental distribution of hindlimb dorsal root fibers and their pattern of termination in Clark's nucleus in the tree shrew were similar to that reported in quadrupedal primates and other quadrupedal mammalian forms.