(1) During each condition, measurements were made of DF (with a laser optometer) and DV (with a Nonius alignment system).
(2) An additional subject showed irregular alterations in vergence posture during nonius horopter measurements.
(3) Fixation disparity was measured conventionally by interocular nonius alignment of vertically dissociated line segments.
(4) These differences indicate that the nonius-line method is unreliable for the measurement of ocular deviation or fusional status.
(5) For measuring fixation disparity a series of brief dichoptic nonius targets was presented and the direction of perceived misalignment was reported by the subject.
(6) Diffraction data were obtained with CuK alpha radiation and a Nonius CAD-4 diffractometer.
(7) The structure was solved by SHELX-86 and refined by full matrix least squares methods to a final R-factor of 0.081 for 660 unique reflections (I greater than 2 sigma (I)) measured on an Enraf Nonius CAD-4 diffractometer (CuK alpha, lambda = 1.5418 A, T = 293 K).
(8) Unlike procedures using binocular nonius alignment, the method is not subject to adaptive changes in perceived direction.
(9) Repeated measurements and the analysis of the psychometric function can provide a more complete description of individual binocular status than is obtained with a single adjustment of continuously visible nonius targets.
(10) We tracked the postures of accommodation and vergence of 20 normal subjects for 15 min in darkness, using a Vernier optometer and dichoptic nonius lines.
(11) Based on the Nonius alignment system of viewing dichoptic stimuli, this apparatus provides a compact, portable, easily constructed, and easily maintained piece of equipment.
(12) The alignment of nonius targets can be judged with the same precision as the alignment of vernier targets for some target configurations.
(13) The subject's knowledge of the viewing distance had a small but significant effect; the size of the nonius bars had none.
(14) Experiments were conducted to characterize the distribution of the monocular components of fixation disparity, i.e., ascertain whether or not the fixation disparity measured by nonius alignments is equally divided between the two eyes or has an unequal distribution.
(15) Nonius horopter measurements were made on three normal subjects using both physically displaced (real viewing) and stereogrammetrically displaced (projected viewing) test objects.
(16) The test for fixation disparity was comprised of the Ogle arrangement with two polarized vertical lines forming a binocular nonius in the middle of a field surrounded with letters to stimulate fusion.
(17) Equidirection (nonius) horopters were unchanged by the application of lateral prism in all of the subjects tested.
(18) Experiments 2 and 3 examined the possibility that instructed intention might influence perception indirectly by influencing eye movements: Viewers' vergence position was measured directly through responses about alignment of a vernier nonius fixation.
(19) Simultaneous objective (based on binocular eye movement record) and subjective (nonius-line displacement) measurements of horizontal and vertical fixation disparity were carried out in order to evaluate the reliability of the nonius-line method of measuring ocular deviation.
(20) These new procedures have been applied to a protein structure, beta-trypsin, using a FAST area detector (Enraf-Nonius) and image plates (Fuji) on a double-focusing synchrotron beamline at DORIS.
Vernier
Definition:
(n.) A short scale made to slide along the divisions of a graduated instrument, as the limb of a sextant, or the scale of a barometer, for indicating parts of divisions. It is so graduated that a certain convenient number of its divisions are just equal to a certain number, either one less or one more, of the divisions of the instrument, so that parts of a division are determined by observing what line on the vernier coincides with a line on the instrument.
Example Sentences:
(1) The first method consisted of using a vernier caliper by which direct measurements (Dv) of the distances were recorded.
(2) The tests are resistant to the effects of opacities because they utilize a localization task (vernier acuity) rather than a resolution task.
(3) We report that the ability to detect a small vernier offset (less than 5 sec of arc in many individuals) between two small spots of light separated by a narrow gap can be disrupted by presenting additional targets in close proximity to the vernier stimulus.
(4) This result implies that the human visual system processes vernier offsets in parallel.
(5) Vernier acuity and vernier bias were examined in persons aged 20 to 79 years using a method of adjustments.
(6) Previous experiments that have compared monocular vernier acuity in amblyopic, monocularly blind, and normal binocular subjects have been confined to the center of the retina.
(7) Sensitivity to sinusoidal curvature (periodic vernier acuity) was measured by the method of adjustment as a function of spatial frequency of the curvature.2.
(8) Almost all increases in thresholds with eccentricity were explained by the theory in five of these tasks, which included the two-dot vernier hyperacuity test, the measurement of visual acuities with gratings, the Snellen E test, and two acuity tests that required either separation between dots or discrimination between two mirror-symmetric forms.
(9) The previously reported contrast dependence of vernier acuity was confirmed, but contrast had a much smaller effect upon interval acuity.
(10) In the past 10 years much has been learned about the development of two hyperacuities, namely, vernier acuity and stereoacuity.
(11) The developmental function for vernier acuity is discussed in relation to physiologic development of the kitten visual system and is related to published data on the development of stereoacuity and spatial resolution in the same species.
(12) Although stereoacuity and vernier acuity both yield comparable thresholds well below the eye's resolution limit, the neural circuits for these two classes of visual responses do not process the signals in an identical manner.
(13) Near birth, grating acuity is relatively more mature than vernier acuity.
(14) All vernier results, both for better and amblyopic eye, were within one line of Snellen acuity.
(15) Neither the variation in retinal eccentricity nor changing the paradigm to a vernier acuity task altered the basic pattern of results.
(16) Subjects showed little improvement in OC vernier acuity, even after 50,000 trials.
(17) In a crossover comparison with standard Vernier-type calipers, the Tumorimeter was significantly more accurate than bidimensional caliper determinations (less than or equal to 5% surface area error vs a 21-28% overestimate error for calipers).
(18) Vernier thresholds for all spatial frequencies are related to contrast by a power law with exponents of approximately -0.8.
(19) The values obtained by image analysis and by measurement with vernier calliper are identical and similar to the data of the literature.
(20) Differences between OC and SC vernier acuities persisted over a wide range of interstimulus spacings, widths, and contrasts.