(1) Whereas Erickson claimed that 97% of his "deep trance" subjects and 90% of his "medium trance" subjects exhibited literal responses, we found that 87.5% of hypnotized, high-hypnotizable subjects' responses were nonliteral.
(2) However, only 55% of these requests were encoded nonliterally in the signed portion of utterances.
(3) Ethnomedical studies of the Middle East may be enriched by a long-term historical perspective, which takes into consideration the complex syncretism, through time, of both literate and nonliterate medical systems in this region, as well as the tumultuous history of conquest and colonialism in the Middle East.
(4) Far from being an exceptional aspect of development, apparently nonliteral language should be considered a fundamental tool in the young child's construction of both internal and external worlds (McCune-Nicolich, 1981; Vygotsky, 1978).
(5) Linguistic flexibility of deaf and hearing children was compared by examining the relative frequencies of their nonliteral constructions in stories written and signed (by the deaf) or written and spoken (by the hearing).
(6) Among the hearing 8- to 15-year-olds, oral and written stories contained comparable numbers of nonliteral constructions.
(7) Among their age-matched deaf peers, however, nonliteral constructions were significantly stories contained comparable numbers of nonliteral constructions.
(8) If one is willing to accept that children's conceptual organization might not match that of adults, then what is appropriately called nonliteral language in the young child must be reexamined.
(9) The development of linguistic and cognitive flexibility was examined by evaluating nonliteral language use by 20 deaf and 20 hearing children aged 7;11 to 15;0 years.
(10) In half of the items, the speaker's utterance was literally true; in the other half, the utterance was literally false and invited a nonliteral interpretation.
(11) Seven types of nonliteral constructions were considered: novel figurative language, frozen figurative language, gestures, pantomime, linguistic modifications, linguistic inventions, and lexical substitutions.
(12) But neither will we deny that one can observe creative components in the verbal and nonverbal play of the young child that are precursors of later nonliteral language skills (see McCune-Nicolich, 1981, for discussion).
(13) These same researchers, however, appear largely to have neglected consideration of the cognitive prerequisites for such abilities and differences between what is nonliteral for the adult and nonliteral for the child.
(14) Results have implications for patients' understanding of essential elements of conversations, such as characters' internal states and their intentions in employing different forms of literal and nonliteral language.
(15) In contrast, the two groups differed reliably when interpreting the pragmatic intent of nonliteral utterances: Control subjects used information about both the actor's performance and the speaker-actor relationship, while RHD patients demonstrated difficulty in using the information about the speaker-actor relationship.
(16) Among their age-matched deaf peers, however, nonliteral constructions were significantly more common in signed than written stories.
(17) No differences were found in teachers' use of nonliteral language when talking to hearing children as compared to teachers talking to oral deaf children.
(18) The study questioned the concept that pictorial messages were accurately recognized and self-explanatory to nonliterate Haitian village women.
(19) Deaf students produced traditional types of figurative contructions at a rate equal to their hearing age-mates and surpassed them in four other categories of nonliteral expression.
(20) These were videotaped and examined for instances of nonliteral communication.
Trope
Definition:
(n.) The use of a word or expression in a different sense from that which properly belongs to it; the use of a word or expression as changed from the original signification to another, for the sake of giving life or emphasis to an idea; a figure of speech.
(n.) The word or expression so used.
Example Sentences:
(1) For further education, this would be my priority: a substantial increase in funding and an end to tinkering with the form of qualifications and bland repetition of the “parity of esteem” trope.
(2) Arguing for a new nation state, the white paper understands that the old tropes of nationhood will no longer do, though until recently they sustained the anglophobic tendency of everyday nationalism, though until recently they sustained the anglophobic tendency of everyday nationalism.
(3) Ihave never really liked the liberal-left trope of Britain's "progressive majority", lately talked up by people campaigning for AV .
(4) Ivens's apology was issued after a meeting with Jewish community organisations including the Board of the Deputies of British Jews, which had complained to the Press Complaints Commission on Sunday, describing the cartoon as "appalling" and "all the more disgusting" for being published on Holocaust Memorial Day, "given the similar tropes levelled against Jews by the Nazis".
(5) As the report explains, researchers have long pointed to a widely believed cultural script of what constitutes a “real” rape – the trope of the lone lady being attacked at night as she made her way home through dark alleys.
(6) Purnell has long argued it is time to discard the old tropes of Brownite and Blairite.
(7) Melgaard pays poor lip service to these racist tropes, arguing that "racism is a form of sexuality.
(8) By focusing on Spock and Kirk as novices finding their footing, and putting their gut-vs-logic dynamic at the heart of the film, Abrams gives non-followers plenty to hang on to, but also pays homage to familiar Trek tropes: Bones says: "I'm a doctor, not a physicist!
(9) Her main project is new girl Tai (the late Brittany Murphy) who arrives at school as a clumsy, unconfident "ugly duckling" ripe for making over – allowing the film to indulge in that wonderful 80s teen movie trope: the dressing up montage.
(10) Instead, we returned to the old political tropes: a prime minister outside Downing street, backbenchers grousing on rolling news channels, financial experts delighted outside City buildings and Nigel Farage on College Green, standing outside the palace he wants to get in.
(11) You know you are desperate for ratings when you are willing to violate the law to push a story about two pages of tax returns from over a decade ago,” it said in a statement emailed to journalists with unusual zeal and which also repeated the Trump trope of “the dishonest media”.
(12) All these silly tropes appear in the first episode of My Transsexual Summer, Channel 4's new primetime reality doc .
(13) It takes the usual prison TV tropes of bent screws, lesbian affairs, claustrophobic pettiness and racial divides, and makes them seem fresh, skewing our perspectives in unexpected ways.
(14) Trump and his appeal embody certain universal tropes about bullying, humiliation and comedy.
(15) And the presence of the miniature handwritten note on textured paper is so Andersonesque as to make this essentially a trope magnified by a trope.
(16) It’s a trope that often plays an important part in the narrative of zombie stories.
(17) Recent months have seen a number of white, A-list pop artists such as Lily Allen, Iggy Azalea and Taylor Swift come under fire for appropriating black music tropes and perpetuating damaging stereotypes.
(18) It is a favoured trope of Nigel Farage and his fellow-travellers that the “Westminster elite” doesn’t want to talk about immigration.
(19) Is there a danger that – using the now-standard tropes of a strong sense of place, a dysfunctional detective, a haunting soundtrack and brutal crimes – the series will be seen as just another exercise in noir?
(20) No doubt it will soon make a comeback, but for now the “reform is stuck” trope has descended into an unedifying and largely evidence-free “debate” over penalty rates .