(1) These results indicated the main control site for phosphorus excretion in the ruminating sheep was the gastrointestinal tract, whereas for the nonruminating sheep fed the liquid diet, control was exerted by the kidney.
(2) One probe hybridized to all strains, whereas the other two identified genetically distinct groups represented by strains isolated from the rumen and from the ceca of nonruminants.
(3) In both lipid synthesis and lipid mobilization, ruminant adipocytes are uniquely different from nonruminant adipose tissue.
(4) Signs of gossypol toxicosis in nonruminants, preruminants, and ruminants are similar and include labored breathing, dyspnea, decreased growth rate, and anorexia but are not pathognomonic.
(5) Nonruminal Bacteroides species either did not require Na(+) or required only small amounts.
(6) Absorption mechanisms in ruminants for protein and nucleic acid digestion end products appear similar to those described in nonruminants, but the highest rate of amino acid uptake was found in the mid to lower ileum.
(7) The antifertility effect of gossypol has been studied most in males of nonruminant species.
(8) The Na(+) requirement of some nonruminal Bacteroides species could be partially replaced by Li(+) or Cs(+).
(9) What digestive adaptations permit herbivorous nonruminant mammals to sustain much higher metabolic rates than herbivorous lizards, despite gross similarity in digestive anatomy and physiology?
(10) The function of these venules appears to be analogous to HEV in nonruminant species.
(11) The rostral region of the nucleus was much larger in ruminants than in nonruminants.
(12) The heme requirement of many nonruminal Bacteroides species was similar to that of Bacteroides ruminicola subsp.
(13) Lambs exposed at 4 to 8 wk of age, a period corresponding to the transition from nonruminant to ruminant digestion, consumed more shrub following exposure than did lambs exposed at younger or older ages (P less than equal to .05, unprotected least significant differences test).
(14) Each of these studies have provided some type of new and useful information that has implications in either nonruminant or ruminant responses to crop plants.
(15) Nonruminating male Holstein calves were fed a reconstituted milk containing 11.7% nonfat-dried-milk solids and 3.5% beef tallow.
(16) Calves fed milk in this manner (with no dry feed) are functionally nonruminants because the milk bypasses the ruminoreticulum.
(17) Exogenous growth hormone has the same effects as anabolic steroids but is effective in nonruminant species as well.
(18) The rate of neutralization of abomasal digesta flow is slower in ruminants than in nonruminants, and activation and peak activity of the pancreatic proteases is delayed to the mid jejunum.
(19) Lambs exposed at 1 to 5 wk of age, when they are nonruminant and normally are dependent on the dam, browsed less of the time while at the shrub (P less than or equal to .02) and consumed less of the shrub (P less than .02) at a slower rate (P less than or equal to .03) than did lambs exposed at older ages.
(20) A luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL) assay was used to assess the response of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) preparations from 4 species of ruminants (ie, cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes) and 6 species of nonruminants (ie, swine, dogs, cats, rabbits, horses, and persons) to both opsonized and nonopsonized preparations of living and heat-killed Pasteurella haemolytica and Staphylococcus aureus and to opsonized and nonopsonized heat-killed strains of each bacterium in the presence of sterile culture supernatant (leukotoxin) from P haemolytica.
Ruminant
Definition:
(a.) Chewing the cud; characterized by chewing again what has been swallowed; of or pertaining to the Ruminantia.
(n.) A ruminant animal; one of the Ruminantia.
Example Sentences:
(1) The data suggest that major differences may exist between ruminants and non-ruminants in the response of liver metabolism both to lactation per se and to the effects of growth hormone and insulin.
(2) In the clinical trials in which there was complete substitution of fat-modified ruminant foods for conventional ruminant products the fall in serum cholesterol was approximately 10%.
(3) The different hydrolytic, fermentative and methanogenic activities of these populations ensure the efficient degradation of cell wall constituent in forages (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin) ingested by ruminants.
(4) Ruminal digestion (% of intake) of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose decreased linearly (P less than .05), whereas acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestion responded in a cubic (P less than .05) fashion to increasing concentrate level; NaHCO3 improved ruminal digestion of NDF (P less than .10) and ADF (P less than .05), but not hemicellulose.
(5) The results of these trials suggest that increasing level of dietary NaHCO3 greatly increases the proportion of time ruminal pH is above critical levels for ruminal protein and dry matter digestion, but does not affect total tract nutrient digestion when 50% concentrate diets are fed.
(6) Extents of in situ ruminal digestion (72 h residue) for NDF, hemicellulose and cellulose were lower (P less than .05) for full-head than for late-boot-stage bromegrass.
(7) Consistent with the convergence hypothesis, only those sites that specify amino acids in the mature lysozyme are shared uniquely with ruminant lysozyme genes.
(8) Each of the primary stress selected isolates was tested in synthetic saliva, rumen fluid simulating the activity in the rumen, rumen fluid followed by pepsin-hydrochloric acid treatment simulating the additional effect of ruminal and abomasal activity, pepsin-hydrochloric acid solution simulating conditions in the abomasum and finally in a trypsin solution as an example of enzyme activity in the gut.
(9) It follows from the results that the effectiveness of some antifasciolics on laboratory animals need not always be in correlation with their effect in ruminants - hence it is necessary to verify the results obtained in laboratory animals and to check them on natural F. hepatica hosts.
(10) Ruminal lactate concentrations were variable within and among treatments.
(11) Data from the literature on the clinical effects of bacterial endotoxins in ruminants are reviewed.
(12) The strains of BTV serotype 11 were mild in their pathogenicity for the ruminants as no clinical signs of disease were seen.
(13) On defaunation of the rumen to remove ciliated protozoa the concentration of phosphatidylcholine in ruminal digesta falls markedly and becomes lower than that in abomasal digesta.
(14) The effect of ubiquitous clostridial infections on ruminants is discussed.
(15) Rauschia gen. nov. (type species: R. triangularis) is created for species previously pertaining to Nematodirus parasite of Lagomorpha, and in which the synlophe, very complex, differs from the synlophe of the parasite of Ruminants.
(16) When the rate of ruminal epithelial cell proliferation was measured on the basis of 3H-thymidine incorporation into the cellular DNA, butyrate dose-dependently reduced 3H-thymidine incorporation.
(17) Ruminal ammonia, molar percentage butyrate, and blood ketones, plasma urea N, and plasma molar percentage butyrate were lower when hay was fed.
(18) Breakdown of LP by rumination was calculated from the weight of total particles regurgitated and the proportion of LP in the regurgitated and swallowed remasticated material.
(19) Single doses of (15NH4)2SO4 were infused into ruminal pools to determine N kinetics.
(20) Nickel did not alter methane production, carcass characteristics or ruminal volatile fatty acid proportions.