(n.) The matter composing the nucleus of a cell; the protoplasm of the nucleus; karyoplasma.
Example Sentences:
(1) Depending on the differential sensitivity of nuclear T-ag to extraction by salt and detergent, nuclear T-ag could be separated into nucleoplasmic T-ag, salt-sensitive T-ag and matrix-bound T-ag subclasses.
(2) Hepatocellular thyroid status was estimated from the relative abundances of two nucleoplasmic proteins on polyacrylamide gel electrophoregrams.
(3) The two characteristic forms of eucaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, polymerase I (nucleolar) and polymerase II (nucleoplasmic), were identified.
(4) The affinity labeling was intensified when resealed vesicles were made leaky by freezing or ultrasonication, suggesting that the poly(A) binding proteins are accessible from the nucleoplasmic but not the cytoplasmic face of the envelope.
(5) Turnover rates of the components of systems for RNA synthesis of rat-liver nucleus, nucleolus, and nucleoplasm were investigated.
(6) These studies support the conclusion that there are no clear differences between many nucleoplasmic and chromatin-bound nonhistone proteins.
(7) Most spheres are free in the nucleoplasm, but a few are attached to chromosomes at specific chromosome loci, the sphere organizers (SOs).
(8) Experiments involving fractionation of cell lysates and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy of control and interferon-treated cells revealed that the 204 protein is nucleolar and nucleoplasmic.
(9) The genes for U1 and U2 snRNAs (small nuclear RNAs) are clustered and present in the nucleoplasmic DNA; however, the localization of U3 snRNA genes is not known.
(10) Changes in the characteristics of the nucleoplasm were examined in young hamster facial motoneurons of 15 and 20 days postnatal age and in the adult (100 days postnatal age) at both the light and electron microscope levels.
(11) Small nucleolus-related bodies which occur in the nucleoplasm of "micronuclei" lacking nucleolar organizers have been studied by immunofluorescence microscopy.
(12) This initial displacement of nuclear material to the cell border may indicate an association between the nucleoplasm and the plasma membrane.
(13) The protein compositions of hnRNP particles found in the nucleoplasm fraction and in the chromatin-nucleolar fraction are very similar.
(14) Absorbance profiles and radioactivity patterns of nucleoplasmic RNA were similar in the two groups of rats.
(15) Fluorescence microscopy further indicated that in both nuclear preparations, the neoglycoprotein binding sites were associated with the nucleoli as well as with nucleoplasmic ribonucleoprotein elements.
(16) After 24 h of cultivation a dramatic increase in RNA synthesis is observed; it is the highest in the heterogeneous nucleoplasmic RNA fraction.
(17) Antibody raised against the 43K antigen reacted with the stichosome and cuticle of the mature larva and the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm, but not nucleolus, of all nuclei of infected host cells (Nurse cells) in sections of infected tissues.
(18) In vitro experiments have shown that p24 is localized within the nucleolus, while p27 expression is probably confined to the nucleoplasm.
(19) Type III was characterized mainly by homogenization of the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm and dilation of the perinuclear cisternae and endoplasmic reticulum, thus showing features of 'non-lysosomal vesiculate' cell death.
(20) In addition to the fraction of Ran protein complexed to RCC1, a 25-fold molar excess of the protein over RCC1 was found in the nucleoplasm of HeLa cells.
Protoplasm
Definition:
(n.) The viscid and more or less granular material of vegetable and animal cells, possessed of vital properties by which the processes of nutrition, secretion, and growth go forward; the so-called " physical basis of life;" the original cell substance, cytoplasm, cytoblastema, bioplasm sarcode, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) Fixation with buffered glutaraldehyde resulted in higher counts (P less than 0.01) of proximal protoplasmic droplets (2.47, 1.03, 0.67, and 1.43%, respectively, for glutaraldehyde, Hancock's, Blom's, and formol saline procedures).
(2) Small, diffusely GJP-IR cells were identified ultrastructurally as protoplasmic and fibrous astrocytes.
(3) Protoplasmic cylinders contained within such granules frequently were devoid of cell envelopes.
(4) The infected cells treated by this method showed light green fluorescence of the protoplasm, with a dark nucleus, while the intact cells had tile-red cytoplasm.
(5) That T-tubules isolated by disruption of triad junctions are constrained to have the protoplasmic (P) face uniformly exposed was experimentally confirmed.
(6) The morphological change of cerebral cortex astrocytes from protoplasmic to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-containing cells is induced by injury.
(7) Pretreatment of mice by intravenous injection with killed Listeria provided neither delayed-type hypersensitivity to Listeria protoplasm nor protection against Listeria infection.
(8) The greatest motion of protoplasmic droplets was recorded in the caput epididymidis, although the migration of droplets from the proximal section of the connective part of the flagellum towards the distal parts could also be observed as far as in the cauda epididymidis in both animals.
(9) Thus staining techniques that have a propensity for the glial filaments such as antisera to glial fibrillary acidic protein and the gold-chloride method provide only a skeletal outline of the major processes of the protoplasmic astrocyte.
(10) Within this context, we would like to present a case discussion regarding a 27-month-old boy with a hypothalamic-midbrain protoplasmic glioma treated with primary chemotherapy after surgical biopsy and pathologic documentation.
(11) The toxin appears to be protoplasmic and is released into the surrounding environment upon autolysis of the cells.
(12) To improve the definitions, eliminate overlapping diagnostic categories, and sharpen the fuzzy boundaries that contribute substantially to limited reproducibility, we suggest: (1) the categories of astrocytoma nos, fibrillary astrocytoma, and protoplasmic astrocytoma be collapsed into a single category of astrocytoma; (2) the diagnostic category of desmoplastic medulloblastoma be combined with medulloblastoma; and (3) the criteria for anaplasia should be further refined to include quantification of critical histologic features, e.g., agreed upon operational definitions for amount of cell density, number of mitoses and pleomorphism for anaplastic astrocytoma and anaplastic ependymoma.
(13) They mainly concentrate on the membrane protoplasmic surface.
(14) The incompatibility reaction when vegetative or sexual R and V cells fuse is asymmetric: it is induced only in the R protoplasm.
(15) The intramembranous particles in the protoplasmic face of fractured membranes obtained from fresh cells incubated with 1 mM of Ca2+ were more scattered and their density was lower than in control cells.
(16) Morphometric analysis of the outgrowth zone revealed a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of fibroblastic-reactive microglial cells (from 12 to 0%), and a significant increase in the incidence of protoplasmic astrocytic-epithelial cells (from 82 to 96%), for AraC-treated explants compared to controls.
(17) Periplasmic bodies were most prevalent in the regions of the bud scars and were often accommodated within large invaginations in the protoplasmic membrane.
(18) However, electron microscopic immunocytochemical analysis of NG2 immunoreactive cells revealed a cell morphology consistent with that of protoplasmic astrocytes.
(19) (2) It has been shown that in protoplasmic drops the endoplasm-ectoplasm transformation is accompanied by an actin polymerization from the non-filamentous state to F-actin.
(20) These studies are based upon the observation that a number of experimental maneuvers can alter tissue permeability to water, but do not change the number of particle aggregates observed on the protoplasmic face of the granular cell's luminal membrane with freeze-fracture electron microscopy.