What's the difference between nutrient and substrate?

Nutrient


Definition:

  • (a.) Nutritious; nourishing; promoting growth.
  • (n.) Any substance which has nutritious qualities, i. e., which nourishes or promotes growth.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) In addition to oncogenes, the transferred DNA contains genes that direct the synthesis and exudation of opines, which are used as nutrients by the bacteria.
  • (2) The most pronounced changes occurred during the initial hours of nutrient and energy deprivation.
  • (3) Plaque size, appearance, and number were influenced by diluent, incubation temperature after nutrient overlay, centrifugation of inoculated tissue cultures, and number of host cells planted initially in each flask.
  • (4) Confirmation of the striking correlation between increased urinary ammonia and lowered neonatal ponderal index may afford a simple test for the identification of nutrient-related growth retardation.
  • (5) Although it is known that the sphincter of Oddi exhibits a myoelectric response to intraluminal nutrients, the effect of specific dietary components has not been well characterized.
  • (6) The regimen used at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, provides 2.0 to 2.5 gm protein per kilogram ideal body weight, plus adequate fluid and nutrient supplements.
  • (7) Malnutrition results from deficiency in one or more of these basic nutrients.
  • (8) Therefore these suggested methods of choice may not in every instance be the most accurate of all indicators of nutritional status for a particular nutrient.
  • (9) The intake of most nutrients was significantly depressed by approximately 10% during febrile illnesses.
  • (10) Microbial fermentation and nutrient degradation in the rumen were reduced by saponins.
  • (11) If begun before the animal becomes nutrient depleted, enteral feeding may better support the animal and avoid serious complications.
  • (12) Differences in the nutrient data bases were primarily due to the timing of data base updates, as well as to the differential use of industry, private, and government food analysis sources, procedural differences in data base updating, and random data entry error.
  • (13) The elastic properties of preserved human aortic homografts after different storage times in antibiotic-nutrient medium solution have been measured.
  • (14) The inoculum level of infected spores in nutrient broth-yeast extract-glucose medium affected the transducing efficiency of SP-10 in lysates of these cultures.
  • (15) The results of these trials suggest that increasing level of dietary NaHCO3 greatly increases the proportion of time ruminal pH is above critical levels for ruminal protein and dry matter digestion, but does not affect total tract nutrient digestion when 50% concentrate diets are fed.
  • (16) The diets of the Inuit, as of all Indigenous People, are not comprised solely of the historically traditional foods; however these foods are still vitally important as a source of nutrients and cultural definition.
  • (17) Seventy-six students and staff at Robert Gordon's Institute of Technology weighed their food for 1 week and the records were used to determine the frequency of consumption of foods and portion sizes, as well as nutrient intakes.
  • (18) A shortened nutrient data base can be a valid tool for estimating intakes of populations.
  • (19) Despite these diffuse nutrient abnormalities, only zinc and vitamin E concentrations correlated significantly with any index of visual function.
  • (20) Histologic examination of different levels of the nutrient arteries revealed many intraosseous pathologic vascular changes in apposition to the ischemic episode of the femoral head.

Substrate


Definition:

  • (n.) A substratum.
  • (a.) Having very slight furrows.
  • (v. t.) To strew or lay under anything.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) 5-HT thus appears to be the preferred substrate for uptake into platelets and for movement from cytoplasm to vesicles.
  • (2) Some common eye movement deficits, and concepts such as 'the neural integrator' and the 'velocity storage mechanism', for which anatomical substrates are still sought, are introduced.
  • (3) These results demonstrate that increased availability of galactose, a high-affinity substrate for the enzyme, leads to increased aldose reductase messenger RNA, which suggests a role for aldose reductase in sugar metabolism in the lens.
  • (4) The common polyamines, spermidine and spermine, and histones were not substrates.
  • (5) Manometric studies with resting cells obtained by growth on each of these sulfur sources yielded net oxygen uptake for all substrates except sulfite and dithionate.
  • (6) The PSB dioxygenase system displayed a narrow substrate range: none of 18 sulphonated or non-sulphonated analogues of PSB showed significant substrate-dependent O2 uptake.
  • (7) The observed relationship between prorenin and renin substrate concentrations might be a consequence of their regulation by common factors.
  • (8) This theory was confirmed by product analysis and by measuring the affinity of the substrate for the enzyme by its inhibition of p-nitrophenyl glucoside hydrolysis.
  • (9) Yields of Thiobacillus dentrificans on different substrates were compared.
  • (10) It includes preincubation of diluted plasma with ellagic acid and phospholipids and a starting reagent that contains calcium and a chromogenic peptide substrate for thrombin, Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg-pNA.
  • (11) The present results provide no evidence for a clear morphological substrate for electrotonic transmission in the somatic efferent portion of the primate oculomotor nucleus.
  • (12) Fluorination with [18F]acetylhypofluorite yields 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa with 95% radiochemical purity; fluorination of the same substrate with [18F]F2 yields a mixture of all three structural isomers in a ratio of 70:16:14 for 6-, 5-, and 2-fluoro compounds.
  • (13) The enzyme, when assayed as either a phospholipase A2 or lysophospholipase, exhibited nonlinear kinetics beyond 1-2 min despite low substrate conversion.
  • (14) The stopped-flow technique was used to measure the rate constants for the reactions between the oxidized forms of peroxidase with luminol and the following substrates: p-iodophenol, p-bromophenol, p-clorophenol, o-iodophenol, m-iodophenol, luciferin, and 2-iodo-6-hydroxybenzothiazole.
  • (15) The time-course and dose-response for this modification of pp60c-src paralleled PDGF-induced increases in phosphorylation of pp36, a major cellular substrate for several tyrosine-specific protein kinases.
  • (16) Control incubations revealed an inherent difference between the two substrates; gram-positive supernatants consistently contained 5% radioactivity, whereas even at 0 h, those from the gram-negative mutant released 22%.
  • (17) Uptake could be supported either by substrate oxidation or by adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), and was inhibited in the former case by antimycin or cyanide, in the latter case by oligomycin, and in both cases by 2,4-dinitrophenol.
  • (18) These results indicate that both the renal brush-border and basolateral membranes possess the Na(+)-dependent dicarboxylate transport system with very similar properties but with different substrate affinity and transport capacity.
  • (19) Congenitally deficient plasmas were used as the substrate for the measurement of procoagulant activities in a one-stage clotting assay.
  • (20) This capacity is expressed during incubation of the bacteria with the substrate and needs a source of carbon and other energy metabolites.