(adv.) In an obligatory manner; by reason of obligation.
Example Sentences:
(1) [3H]Palmitate labeling appears to be an early modification that affects concomitantly gp3pr and gp3, suggesting that fatty acid acylation is a cytosolic event not obligatorily coupled to translocation.
(2) During a chronic renal insufficiency obligatorily an anaemia develops, which shows a statistically highly significant non-linear correlation to the degree of the impairment of the renal function.
(3) However, SCP2 gene expression is not obligatorily coupled to steroidogenic activity, as cyclic AMP analogues can increase SCP2 mRNA in a line of transformed ovarian granulosa cells incapable of synthesizing hormones.
(4) The following previously reported hypotheses were evaluated: (1) aldosterone stimulates sodium transport by increasing the amount of sodium available to the sodium pump; (2) aldosterone enhances energy production for the sodium pump; and (3) aldosterone-stimulated sodium transport is obligatorily coupled to aerobic metabolism.
(5) It is postulated that tumour-associated hepatocellular mitosis is obligatorily centrilobular.
(6) It is concluded that uptake of dicarboxylic acids by the dicarboxylic acid-transport system is obligatorily coupled to proton uptake such that succinate, malate and fumarate are taken up in electroneutral form and asparate is taken up in cationic form.
(7) The cutting is obligatorily coupled to DNA packaging.
(8) These experiments showed that residues strictly conserved between the L proteins of different viruses in the family Bunyaviridae were obligatorily required for activity, whereas non-conserved residues could be substituted without abolishing RNA synthesis capability.
(9) If it can be shown that tolerance is not obligatorily MHC restricted, then the pillar of the prevailing paradigm will have fallen.
(10) However, the simplest explanation of our results would be to consider that the potential tumour cells are located among the megalocytic cells, without admitting that every megalocyte is obligatorily a precancerous cell.
(11) In the mutant, synthesis of heme pigments is obligatorily coupled to synthesis of bacteriochlorophyll.
(12) The completeness of protection by leupeptin indicates, furthermore, that a lysosomal cysteine proteinase is obligatorily required for the initial proteolytic attack upon autophagocytosed proteins.
(13) An obligatorily nephrotoxic effect of naftidrofuryl can therefore be ruled out.
(14) We concluded that Friend SFFV can infect nonerythroid spleen cells but that replication of the virus was not obligatorily coupled to expression of genes associated with the erythroid phenotype.
(15) It is proposed that this method should be used obligatorily in all studies of new drugs for the assessment of their action in the oral long-term therapy.
(16) These results indicate that light-harvesting complex is not obligatorily required to observe the P-S decay or the I-D dip.
(17) Overall, these results are inconsistent with the notion that an ionizable histidine residue at position 322 is obligatorily required for H+ transport or the active accumulation of galactosides against a concentration gradient.
(18) On the contrary, Golgi complexes did not seen obligatorily involved by this process because, when observed, they appeared almost normal even in heavily overloaded liver cells.
(19) These results demonstrate that cleavage and polyadenylylation of mRNA precursors are not obligatorily coupled to transcription by RNA polymerase II in vivo.
(20) Dosage studies and the inheritance pattern of the gene for steroid sulfatase (Sts) in the mouse have previously provided indirect evidence for a functional Y-linked allele which recombines obligatorily with its X-linked allele in male meiosis.
Obligatory
Definition:
(a.) Binding in law or conscience; imposing duty or obligation; requiring performance or forbearance of some act; -- often followed by on or upon; as, obedience is obligatory on a soldier.
Example Sentences:
(1) It is important to note that the proposed mechanism is not obligatory for androgen or other steroid hormone action.
(2) However, besides these obligatory alterations a high inter- and intraindividual variability of structural aspects is found in MS lesions.
(3) The presence of the other islet cell-types may be obligatory for these appropriate responses.
(4) From the derived cell flux in these compartments we suggest that 1) many more pre-B cells are produced than needed by the peripheral B cell pool; 2) if TdT is an obligatory stage in B cell genesis, there must be at least two cell cycles in the pre-B cell compartment; 3) if it is not, the TdT+ stage may be bypassed, with HIS24+TdT-Ig- cells perhaps feeding directly into the pre-B cell compartment.
(5) Neither cytochrome a nor cytochrome c appears to be an obligatory intermediate in cyanide-sensitive nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidation in B. subtilis.
(6) Thus, the results of this study indicate that retinal is an obligatory intermediate in the hepatic production of retinoic acid from retinol and that cytosolic and microsomal retinol dehydrogenases play a key role in this process.
(7) Thus, even though LPS is a potent inducer of IFN-beta in murine macrophages, class I IFN expression may not be an obligatory intermediate event in the LPS-driven activation of ISRE binding activity.
(8) The four hosts (Mollusc -- Crustacean -- Odonat -- Amphibian) are obligatory in the life cycle for it is impossible to infect the Insects directly with the cecariae or the frog (tadpoles as well as adults) with the mesocercariae.
(9) The synergistic actions of E2 and either AA, the obligatory precursor of PGF2 alpha, or A23187, an enhancer of AA release from phospholipid stores, point to a stimulatory effect of E2 on prostaglandin synthase activity.
(10) No wt-1 expression was detected at any stage of tooth development showing that wt-1 is not obligatory for regulation of Egr-1 expression.
(11) These findings show that class switch by deletion of DNA regions in mature plasma cells is not obligatory for the secretion of immunoglobulin classes other than IgM.
(12) Serotonin plays an obligatory role in the initiation and expression of leech feeding behavior by its differential modulation of central neuronal networks and peripheral glands and muscles.
(13) However, in spite of these similarities, they differentially stimulate estrogenic responses that were previously thought to be interrelated and obligatory for full estrogenic action.
(14) These results, together with data from the native proteins, are consistent with obligatory 1-electron transfer between dehydrogenase and ETF possibly involving the exposed dimethylbenzene edge of ETF.
(15) Although Mg2+ is absolutely required for activation of adenylate cyclase by the GTP analogue guanosine 5'-[beta gamma-imido]triphosphate (p[NH]ppG), it is not obligatory for p[NH]ppG-stimulated ADP-ribosylation by cholera toxin.
(16) This suggests that normally the midline floor plate cells do provide guidance cues, but that these cues are not obligatory.
(17) The protein supply recommended for a certain age group should not be obligatory for the individual child.
(18) The results strongly suggest that the obligatory antigen processing event required for helper T cell recognition of alloantigen is simply the insertion of the alloantigen into the same membrane bilayer as the syngeneic Ia restricting element.
(19) This new function is derived by assuming that all chromosome arms except the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes hav an obligatory chiasma, and that the remaining chiasmata are distributed at random; assumptions which may correspond reasonably well to reality.
(20) Its somewhat unique features have attracted widespread interest both nationally and internationally and may be seen as part of an international movement towards obligatory CME in Western Medicine.