(1) The structure of (+)-nortrachelogenin was established as 8(R), 8'(R)-4,4',8'-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxylignan-olid(9, 9') on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and comparison with its enantiomer, (-)-nortrachelogenin.
(2) A fourteen-membered lactone, (R)-(Z,E)-9,11-octadecadien-13-olide, was isolated from extruded abdominal glands of a Neotropical, nymphalid butterfly.
(3) 2-Buten-4-olide, which inhibits vagus nerve activity via the central nervous system, prevented the 2-DG increased [3H] choline uptake and subsequent [3H] ACh synthesis as well as the increase in gastric acid secretion.
(4) Ludartin [3], 8-angeloyloxy-3-hydroxyguaia-3(15),10(14),11(13)-trien-6,12- olide [4], hymenin [5], mexicanin I [6], helenanin [7], and 9-O-desacetylsparthulin-2-O-angelate [8] were found to exhibit protection.
(5) The sugar acids, 3,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid gamma-lactone, 2-buten-4-olide and 2,4,5-trihydroxy pentanoic acid gamma-lactone which were found in blood modulate feeding behavior of rats by modifying neuronal activity in the lateral hypothalamic area [LHA] and the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus [VMH].
(6) On the other hand, acetylation at high temperature of the 4,6-O-benzylidene derivative of 1 (11) gave the 2,3-unsaturated, six-membered lactone (12), precursor of 2-acetamido-6-acetoxyhexa-2,4-dien-5-olide (14).
(7) macrolactones 12-keto-9(Z)-octadecen-11-olide and 12-keto-9(Z)-octadecen-13-olide.
(8) The involvement of a feeding-related endogenous sugar acid, 2-buten-4-olide (2-B4O) on central regulation of gastric acid secretion, and its antiulcer effects on several gastric and duodenal experimental ulcer models were investigated in rats.
(9) alpha-terpineol, 2-n-heptylpyridine, m-cresol and (A)-6-dodecen-4-olide and the investigation of the stereochemistry of the double bond in (Z)-6-dodecen-4-olide by means of iterative computer analysis are described.
(10) The dehalogenation step in the chlorophenol degradation is the cycloisomerization of the cis,cis-chloromuconic acid to 4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide in the ortho fission pathway.
(11) 2-Buten-4-olide (2-B-4-O) has been identified in the serum of fasted rats and proved to act as a feeding suppressant.
(12) 4-Carboxymethyl-4-methylbut-2-en-4-olide (4-methyl-2-enelactone) isomerase, transforming 4-methyl-2-enelactone to 3-methyl-2-enelactone, was purified from a derivative strain of Pseudomonas sp.
(13) In an aqueous extract of fruit bodies of Coprinus comatus 3-octanone, 3-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 1-octanol, 2-methyl-2-penten-4-olide, 1-dodecanol and caprylic acid were identified conclusively and n-butyric and isobutyric acids preliminarily.
(14) 3-Octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 1-octanol and 2-methyl-2-penten-4-olide were the volatiles with the strongest flavour.
(15) The bioassays also led to the previously known related diterpenes, kolavenic acid (2) which has not been reported as a constituent of this plant, and 16 alpha-hydroxy-cleroda-3,13(14)Z-dien-15,16-olide (1) which is previously known to be in this plant.
(16) 4-Phenyl-2,3-dihydroxy-2-buten-4-olide (PDHB) and 4-phenyl-2,3-dioxo-4-butenolide (PDOB) accelerated LA peroxidation in 10% EtOH.
(17) 1H-Indolo[3',2':4,5]pyrido[3,2-b]-2-penten-5-olide (6) and 1H,5H-indolo[3',2'-c]-6,7-dihydro-2-pyridone (7), rigid analogues of methyl 4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (8) and N-methyl-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxamide (9), respectively, were synthesized and their in vitro binding affinities to the central type benzodiazepine receptors were compared.
(18) Select compounds were found to be active at concentrations lower than 5 X 10(-5) M. In particular, the compound 2 alpha-bromo-3 beta-hydroxy-6 beta H-eudesm-11-en-6,13-olide exhibits an extremely low ID50 value at 0.33 X 10(-6) M. Some relationships between chemical structure and cytotoxic activity are suggested, i.e.
(19) Reaction of 1 with hot acetic anhydride-sodium acetate gave a approximately 1:2 mixture of (E)- and (Z)-2-acetamido-6-acetoxyhexa-2,4-dien-4-olide (6-E and 6-Z).
(20) Estrous cycling female Wistar rats were treated ip with 2-buten-4-olide (0, 30 or 100 mg.kg-1.day-1) for 2 weeks.
Oxid
Definition:
(n.) See Oxide.
Example Sentences:
(1) Compound Z has the properties expected of an oxidized MPT precursor.
(2) PMNs could be primed for PMA-triggered oxidative burst by muramyl peptide molecules (MDP) and two of its adjuvant active nonpyrogenic derivatives.
(3) Arterial oxyhaemoglobin saturation (SaO2) was monitored continuously during normal labour in 33 healthy parturients receiving pethidine and nitrous oxide for analgesia.
(4) The stopped-flow technique was used to measure the rate constants for the reactions between the oxidized forms of peroxidase with luminol and the following substrates: p-iodophenol, p-bromophenol, p-clorophenol, o-iodophenol, m-iodophenol, luciferin, and 2-iodo-6-hydroxybenzothiazole.
(5) The results show that in TMO-treated animals the time to the onset of convulsions, the time to the onset of NADH oxidation-reduction cycles, and the survival time were significantly longer than in the control group.
(6) Nitrous oxide, 60% (P less than 0.025) and 80% (P less than 0.02), caused significant increases in release of beta-endorphin.
(7) Uptake could be supported either by substrate oxidation or by adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), and was inhibited in the former case by antimycin or cyanide, in the latter case by oligomycin, and in both cases by 2,4-dinitrophenol.
(8) Peripheral blood monocytes undergo an oxidative burst similar to that seen in neutrophils.
(9) Direct limiting effects of hypothermia on tissue O2 delivery and muscle oxidative metabolism as well as vasoconstriction and arteriovenous shunting associated with CPB procedures are likely to be involved in the above mentioned alterations of cell metabolism.
(10) EDRF is even more labile than prostacyclin, with a half-life of about 6 seconds, and it has recently been identified as nitric oxide.
(11) Both SAA and non-SAA enhanced ammonium excretion but only non-SAA enhanced organic anion excretion, an indicator of incomplete oxidation of organic acids.
(12) Despite the nearly anaerobic state of the ascites tumor fluid in vivo, cancer cells suspended in this fluid oxidized FFA at least as fast as they do in vitro under aerobic conditions.
(13) Steroid-treated steers showed a slight decline in synthesis which was significant (P less than 0.05) at week +5 post-implant while amino acid oxidation was significantly lower at weeks +2 (P less than 0.01) and +5 (P less than 0.05) compared with control animals.
(14) In the present work, we measured the inactivation of methionine synthase and the concurrent homocysteine export rate of two murine and four human cell lines during nitrous oxide exposure.
(15) These series were prepared by oxidation of the new hydroquinone precursors.
(16) Rhesus monkey BAT mitochondria (BATM) possess an uncoupling protein that is characteristic of BAT as evidenced by the binding of [3H]GDP, the inhibition by GDP of the high Cl- permeability or rapid alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate oxidation.
(17) Anaesthesia was achieved by a mixture of oxygen, nitrous oxide and fluothane without use of muscle relaxants.
(18) Endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine and endothelium-independent relaxations to nitric oxide were observed in rings from both strains during contraction with endothelin.
(19) Rapid reaction studies show the formation of an intermediate which is common to both the oxidation and inactivation pathways.
(20) During the carcinogens metabolism compounds are assumed to be formed, those are able to affect oxidative phosphorylation without forming any stable link with the respiratory chain components.