(1) The structure of (+)-nortrachelogenin was established as 8(R), 8'(R)-4,4',8'-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxylignan-olid(9, 9') on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and comparison with its enantiomer, (-)-nortrachelogenin.
(2) A fourteen-membered lactone, (R)-(Z,E)-9,11-octadecadien-13-olide, was isolated from extruded abdominal glands of a Neotropical, nymphalid butterfly.
(3) 2-Buten-4-olide, which inhibits vagus nerve activity via the central nervous system, prevented the 2-DG increased [3H] choline uptake and subsequent [3H] ACh synthesis as well as the increase in gastric acid secretion.
(4) Ludartin [3], 8-angeloyloxy-3-hydroxyguaia-3(15),10(14),11(13)-trien-6,12- olide [4], hymenin [5], mexicanin I [6], helenanin [7], and 9-O-desacetylsparthulin-2-O-angelate [8] were found to exhibit protection.
(5) The sugar acids, 3,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid gamma-lactone, 2-buten-4-olide and 2,4,5-trihydroxy pentanoic acid gamma-lactone which were found in blood modulate feeding behavior of rats by modifying neuronal activity in the lateral hypothalamic area [LHA] and the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus [VMH].
(6) On the other hand, acetylation at high temperature of the 4,6-O-benzylidene derivative of 1 (11) gave the 2,3-unsaturated, six-membered lactone (12), precursor of 2-acetamido-6-acetoxyhexa-2,4-dien-5-olide (14).
(7) macrolactones 12-keto-9(Z)-octadecen-11-olide and 12-keto-9(Z)-octadecen-13-olide.
(8) The involvement of a feeding-related endogenous sugar acid, 2-buten-4-olide (2-B4O) on central regulation of gastric acid secretion, and its antiulcer effects on several gastric and duodenal experimental ulcer models were investigated in rats.
(9) alpha-terpineol, 2-n-heptylpyridine, m-cresol and (A)-6-dodecen-4-olide and the investigation of the stereochemistry of the double bond in (Z)-6-dodecen-4-olide by means of iterative computer analysis are described.
(10) The dehalogenation step in the chlorophenol degradation is the cycloisomerization of the cis,cis-chloromuconic acid to 4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide in the ortho fission pathway.
(11) 2-Buten-4-olide (2-B-4-O) has been identified in the serum of fasted rats and proved to act as a feeding suppressant.
(12) 4-Carboxymethyl-4-methylbut-2-en-4-olide (4-methyl-2-enelactone) isomerase, transforming 4-methyl-2-enelactone to 3-methyl-2-enelactone, was purified from a derivative strain of Pseudomonas sp.
(13) In an aqueous extract of fruit bodies of Coprinus comatus 3-octanone, 3-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 1-octanol, 2-methyl-2-penten-4-olide, 1-dodecanol and caprylic acid were identified conclusively and n-butyric and isobutyric acids preliminarily.
(14) 3-Octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 1-octanol and 2-methyl-2-penten-4-olide were the volatiles with the strongest flavour.
(15) The bioassays also led to the previously known related diterpenes, kolavenic acid (2) which has not been reported as a constituent of this plant, and 16 alpha-hydroxy-cleroda-3,13(14)Z-dien-15,16-olide (1) which is previously known to be in this plant.
(16) 4-Phenyl-2,3-dihydroxy-2-buten-4-olide (PDHB) and 4-phenyl-2,3-dioxo-4-butenolide (PDOB) accelerated LA peroxidation in 10% EtOH.
(17) 1H-Indolo[3',2':4,5]pyrido[3,2-b]-2-penten-5-olide (6) and 1H,5H-indolo[3',2'-c]-6,7-dihydro-2-pyridone (7), rigid analogues of methyl 4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (8) and N-methyl-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxamide (9), respectively, were synthesized and their in vitro binding affinities to the central type benzodiazepine receptors were compared.
(18) Select compounds were found to be active at concentrations lower than 5 X 10(-5) M. In particular, the compound 2 alpha-bromo-3 beta-hydroxy-6 beta H-eudesm-11-en-6,13-olide exhibits an extremely low ID50 value at 0.33 X 10(-6) M. Some relationships between chemical structure and cytotoxic activity are suggested, i.e.
(19) Reaction of 1 with hot acetic anhydride-sodium acetate gave a approximately 1:2 mixture of (E)- and (Z)-2-acetamido-6-acetoxyhexa-2,4-dien-4-olide (6-E and 6-Z).
(20) Estrous cycling female Wistar rats were treated ip with 2-buten-4-olide (0, 30 or 100 mg.kg-1.day-1) for 2 weeks.
Solid
Definition:
(a.) Having the constituent parts so compact, or so firmly adhering, as to resist the impression or penetration of other bodies; having a fixed form; hard; firm; compact; -- opposed to fluid and liquid or to plastic, like clay, or to incompact, like sand.
(a.) Not hollow; full of matter; as, a solid globe or cone, as distinguished from a hollow one; not spongy; dense; hence, sometimes, heavy.
(a.) Having all the geometrical dimensions; cubic; as, a solid foot contains 1,728 solid inches.
(a.) Firm; compact; strong; stable; unyielding; as, a solid pier; a solid pile; a solid wall.
(a.) Applied to a compound word whose parts are closely united and form an unbroken word; -- opposed to hyphened.
(a.) Fig.: Worthy of credit, trust, or esteem; substantial, as opposed to frivolous or fallacious; weighty; firm; strong; valid; just; genuine.
(a.) Sound; not weakly; as, a solid constitution of body.
(a.) Of a fleshy, uniform, undivided substance, as a bulb or root; not spongy or hollow within, as a stem.
(a.) Impenetrable; resisting or excluding any other material particle or atom from any given portion of space; -- applied to the supposed ultimate particles of matter.
(a.) Not having the lines separated by leads; not open.
(a.) United; without division; unanimous; as, the delegation is solid for a candidate.
(n.) A substance that is held in a fixed form by cohesion among its particles; a substance not fluid.
(n.) A magnitude which has length, breadth, and thickness; a part of space bounded on all sides.
Example Sentences:
(1) An association of cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil and methotrexate already employed with success against solid tumours in other sites was used in the treatment of 62 patients with advanced tumours of the head and neck.
(2) The sensitivity of 75 non-CNS solid tumors to mismatched dsRNA was compared to the high-grade astrocytomas in the HTCA.
(3) (2) The treated animals ingested less liquid and solid food than controls.
(4) The peptides, which were synthesized using a FMOC solid phase procedure and purified by HPLC, consisted of residues 6-25 from the putative aqueous domain, residues 22-35, which overlaps the putative aqueous and transmembrane domains, and residues 1-38 and 1-40 representing nearly the full length of beta-AP.
(5) We describe an enzymatic fluorometric method for determining glucose concentrations in blood samples by analysis on a semi-solid surface (silicone-rubber pads).
(6) Of all solid tumors only nine occurred in relapse-free patients.
(7) It also showed weak inhibition of the solid type of Ehrlich carcinoma and prolonged the survival period of mice inoculated with L-1210 cells.
(8) Hybridomas were selected on the basis of solid-phase reactivity with the purified native A transferase, cell immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation of transferase activity, and absence of reactivity with blood group ABH carbohydrate determinants.
(9) The principle of the liquid and solid two-phase radioimmunoassay and its application to measuring the concentrations of triiodothyronine and thyroxine of human serum in a single sample at the same time are described in this paper.
(10) Recently the presence of a coating inhibitory factor was described in human tears which can prevent the binding of proteins to a solid phase.
(11) We therefore conclude that the protective effect displayed by solid grafts might be a local process dependent on the release of diffusible trophic agents.
(12) As a strategy to reach hungry schoolchildren, and increase domestic food production, household incomes and food security in deprived communities, the GSFP has become a very popular programme with the Ghanaian public, and enjoys solid commitment from the government.
(13) The 68-kDa protein of B. bronchiseptica appeared to be the major protective antigen in B. bronchiseptica infection; however, isolated protein alone did not induce such a solid protection, as observed in a previous study after the application of an effective whole cell vaccine.
(14) The median age of patients with bacteremia of unknown origin was 65 years, and their most common underlying disorders were solid malignancy (28% of patients) and diabetes mellitus (18%).
(15) The free energy of activation showed a high negative correlation (r = -0.904, r2 = 0.817) with the percentage of virus adsorption to the solids tested.
(16) It was found that the use of a pH 9.6 buffer during the coating of ELISA plates led to the dissociation of virions into subunits which bound preferentially to the solid phase.
(17) You can tell them that Deutsche Bank remains absolutely rock solid, given our strong capital and risk position.
(18) A solid-phase microtiter assay was developed to investigate the binding properties of the vitronectin receptor.