(n.) Originally, a medicine of a thicker consistence than sirup, prepared with opium.
(n.) Any medicine that contains opium, and has the quality of inducing sleep or repose; a narcotic.
(n.) Anything which induces rest or inaction; that which quiets uneasiness.
(a.) Inducing sleep; somniferous; narcotic; hence, anodyne; causing rest, dullness, or inaction; as, the opiate rod of Hermes.
(v. t.) To subject to the influence of an opiate; to put to sleep.
Example Sentences:
(1) The second experiments entailed use of the nonspecific opiate antagonist, naloxone, as well as the specific delta antagonist, ICI 154,129, against seizures induced by icv-administered morphine, morphiceptin, DADL, or DSLET.
(2) Opiate agonists and endogenous opioid peptides inhibit electrolyte secretion both in vitro and in vivo.
(3) It appears that tricyclic antidepressants act in a fashion different from opiate drugs that alter the sensory discriminative component of pain.
(4) The results are discussed with reference to the possible mechanism(s) via which injected and endogenous opiates may affect motor performance by attenuating GABA transmission in the nigra.
(5) Pharmacological data suggest that opiates, acting indirectly via the catecholaminergic system, are involved in the inhibition of LH release and the stimulation of PRL secretion.
(6) Such disturbances may be induced by opiates, benzodiazepines, phenothiazines, butyrophenones, ketamine, etomidate, propofol, nitrous oxide, and halogenated inhalation anesthetics as well as by H2-blocking agents such as cimetidine.
(7) From these results, we conclude that opiate peptides are released in response to the suckling stimulus in the cynomolgus monkey and that they mediate the effects of suckling on PRL secretion in both gonadal-intact and agonadal cynomolgus monkeys.
(8) Its potency is 4-5 times greater than that of the opiate antagonist naloxone.
(9) A cost-effective immunoassay for the detection of opiates in urine has been developed using commercial reagents on a centrifugal analyser.
(10) Drugs used to promote food intake and weight gain, such as cyproheptadine, amitriptyline, clonidine and opiate antagonists, have provided disappointing results.
(11) An alternative approach, which correlates the structure-activity data of opiate compounds with that of the enkephalins, is described and shown to produce a model consistent with the available structure-activity data.
(12) However, opiate treatment is not a new therapeutic concept in psychiatry.
(13) The inhibitory response was not decreased by treatment with atropine, hexamethonium, yohimbine or naloxone, suggesting that muscarinic, nicotinic, alpha 2 adrenergic or opiate receptors were not being stimulated.
(14) The hypothesis that opiate agonism requires an N substituent in the axial position does not appear to be consistent with the increased potency of beta isomers in which axial N substituents are thermodynamically more unstable.
(15) We report that exposure of rat spinal cord-dorsal root ganglion cocultured neurons to kappa-opiate agonist is accompanied by a 60-70% reduction in the level of the alpha i subunit of GTP-binding proteins.
(16) Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opiate activity has been found to be elevated in two studies.
(17) PBEir increased with both opiates immediately after initiation of CPB and remained so during the rest of the study.
(18) Diclofenac is an alternative to opiates in the management of postoperative pain.
(19) On the other hand, if the tissue-derived opiates were from prodynorphin, only Leu-enkephalin should be found.
(20) Analysis of patient questionnaires suggests more enthusiasm for patient-controlled analgesia, but in this study, it was difficult to clearly demonstrate any significant advantage for pain management or amount of opiate administered.
Papaverine
Definition:
(n.) An alkaloid found in opium. It has a weaker therapeutic action than morphine.
Example Sentences:
(1) Isoproterenol [IC 50 approximately 1 X 10(-9) M], prostaglandins, dibutyryl cyclic AMP [IC 50 approximately 2 X 10(-5) M], papaverine, theophylline and 5' AMP were inhibitory in the assay, whereas dibutyryl cyclic GMP and the cholinergic stimulator carbamylcholine either stimulated or had no effect on mitosis.
(2) Our work demonstrates that the systemic availability or papaverine can be markedly affected by product formulation.
(3) The amplitude was 15-70% as large as the tonic component of the K-contracture induced by 40 mM K. Theophylline (10 mM), 0.1 mM papaverine and 1 microM isoprenaline nearly abolished, and 1 mM cAMP partly depressed the tonic contraction of K-contracture, whereas the tonic contraction induced by the test solution was unaffected.
(4) In these studies, it is shown that increasing concentrations of carbamylcholine (carbachol) result in a shift to the right of the dose-response curves to (-)-isoproterenol and (-)-soterenol and a reduction of the maximum degree of relaxation produced by these agonists relative to that produced by papaverine.
(5) Similar results were obtained with vincamine (Vi) but vincamine's bronchoconstriction was not completely inhibited by papaverine.
(6) Pressure above and below the stenosis was measured intra-arterially and flow related measurements were made at rest and during reactive hyperaemia in the dog, and following papaverine administration in patients.
(7) Total bacterial counts, nitrate-reducing bacteria and nitrite concentration were determined in fasting gastric juice before and after 4 weeks of treatment with a strong or with a mild antacid drug, a placebo preparation and the spasmolytic agent papaverine which is known to inhibit gastric evacuation.
(8) To assess the role of hydrostatic pressure in edema formation, we compared lung permeability-surface area products (PS) in papaverine-treated lungs given either protamine alone or PAF + protamine and tested the effect of mechanical elevation of Pmv on protamine-induced lung edema.
(9) 50 patients were treated eith carbocromen and 50 with papaverine as controls.
(10) Aminophylline and caffeine can mimic this effect; however, papaverine and 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine, at concentrations inhibitory to phosphodiesterase, are without effect on glucocorticoid receptor binding to DNA.
(11) The effects on these kinetics of a joint administration of Papaverine are considered.
(12) The action of papaverine was nearly similar in control and irradiated groups.
(13) In both cell cultures, changes in cyclic nucleotide levels were first observed at 6 h after viral inoculation and were maximal at 12 h. In human fibroblasts, the addition of theophylline, dibutyryl cAMP, or papaverine (cAMP-enhancing compounds) decreased significantly the yield of HSV-1, whereas the addition of insulin or dibutyryl cGMP (cGMP-enhancing compounds) increased the viral yield.
(14) In the presence of 10(-3) M-papaverine higher doses of noradrenaline evoked the non-selective cation current in some portal vein cells.
(15) During constrictions caused by norepinephrine, methylene blue significantly inhibited the renal vasodilatations caused by tertatolol, acetylcholine, papaverine and nitroglycerin but not those caused by atrial natriuretic factor.
(16) The average rates of development of the contractile and relaxation phases and their relative dependence in the acetylcholine contractile effect, after treatment with papaverine, prostaglandines E1 and F2 alpha and BaCl2, are tested on longitudinal and circular smooth muscles of guinea-pig caecum.
(17) A mixture of Hexabrix and papaverine produced a white crystalline precipitate.
(18) Papaverine is useful in vein preparation; it protects the endothelium and smooth muscle cells in the intima and media and prevents leukocyte infiltration and medial fibrosis.
(19) Nifedipine and superoxide dismutase induced small but significant relaxations in phorbol ester-contracted vessels; however, blood vessels contracted with phenylephrine and phorbol ester relaxed completely with papaverine.
(20) Bencyclan (Fludilat), used therapeutically as a vasodilator drug, exerts a distinct negative inotropic and chronotropic action on myocardium, in contrast to papaverine.