(n.) The inspissated juice of the Papaver somniferum, or white poppy.
Example Sentences:
(1) The only entirely original stage work from this period was the spectacular one-man show Needles And Opium in 1991, which intermingled stories of love and addiction from the lives of Jean Cocteau and Miles Davis with an account of the meltdown of one of Lepage's own long-term relationships.
(2) Social changes going on in the society were reflected in choice of substance forms by younger people as compared to their elders (e.g., cigarettes vs pipes or cigars, heroin vs opium, manufactured vs village-produced alcohol).
(3) American frustrations burst into the open in October 2009 when serving and retired officials told the New York Times Karzai was a key player in Afghanistan's illegal opium trade, which helps fund the Taliban insurgency, while on the CIA payroll.
(4) A transformation of the corrupt economy could take up to two decades, and opium production is likely to climb beyond 2013's worrying levels before it falls again, said Jean-Luc Lemahieu, outgoing head of the UN office on drugs and crime in Afghanistan .
(5) Athletic elitism, the glorification of the human body, has succeeded religion as Marx's opium of the people.
(6) Cannabis and opium use has been in Nepal for centuries and in the past they did not pose much of a problem.
(7) In Henley, he encountered with interest the bookshop-owning lesbians who had taken opium with Cocteau, and a prim, elderly lady who had, in her youth, urinated regularly upon pioneering sexologist Havelock Ellis.
(8) But the ACMD research clearly found that the majority of people were not “parked” on opium substitution treatment for long periods of time, with only 10-15% receiving treatment for more than five years.
(9) With lots of water and fertile land, Sangin is perfect for growing the poppies currently being harvested for their opium sap.
(10) Subjects with a positive family history of opium use had an earlier age of onset than the subjects without a family history of opium use.
(11) Two ethnic groups in Laos were compared: the Hmong (or Meo), a tribal group with access to opium in their homes; and the Lao, a peasant people with more limited access, usually in opium dens.
(12) The time-course of changes in vegetative tests was studied in 47 men suffering from stage II opium dependence.
(13) Fifty-six addicted "world travelers" were studied at a treatment facility for opium addicts in Laos.
(14) Cash crops have diversified and replaced the former opium fields; the economy is moving away from a subsistence and cash economy to a mostly cash economy.
(15) They may well also be driving the Taliban effort in Helmand, since control of the opium-rich province would hand a major political advantage to whichever leader achieved it.
(16) Naltrexone blocked opioid-induced euphoria and decreased the craving for opium, but it did not inhibit drug usage.
(17) These studies contribute to the evidence that different cytochrome P-450-dependent mono-oxygenase systems are involved in the O- and N-dealkylation of opium alkaloids.
(18) Opium poppy latex contains a group of laticifer-specific, low-molecular-weight polypeptides called major latex proteins (MLPs).
(19) Communities raising opium poppy as a cash crop had highest crude rates of addiction (7.0-9.8 addicts per 100 people).
(20) The British prosecuted two opium wars in the cause of freedom to export and sell the produce of the East India Company's Bengal factories.
Thebaine
Definition:
(n.) A poisonous alkaloid, C19H21NO3, found in opium in small quantities, having a sharp, astringent taste, and a tetanic action resembling that of strychnine.
Example Sentences:
(1) These results provide evidence for the enzymatic in vitro conversion by mammalian tissues of thebaine to morphine.
(2) Each step was evalutated for the yield of thebaine by use of 1-3H-thebaine and GLC.
(3) The method of drying and milling of tissue and the size of resultant particles were important factors in the quantitative recovery of thebaine.
(4) The minimum amount of thebaine that could readily be determined by the g.l.c.
(5) Potency was etorphine greater than morphine = codeine greater than thebaine.
(6) A method for the quantitative estimation of thebaine from P. bracteatum is presented.
(7) Shoot thebaine concentrations differed significantly for 18- and 37-week-old plants.
(8) The procedure gives base-line separation of thebaine without the need for gradient elution equipment, and can be completed within 12 min.
(10) some poppy plants were obtained that developed capsules richer in thebaine than the controls.
(11) Large doses of naltrexone precipitated a mild abstinence syndrome in dogs receiving thebaine chronically; however, no withdrawal abstinence syndrome was observed after abrupt withdrawal.
(12) Opial contains 50% morphine HCl and other opioids such as codeine, thebaine, papaverine, and noscapine etc.
(13) Attempts to use a codeinone intermediate gave poor yields; however, methylation of the potassium salt of codeine to give codeine methyl ether followed by oxidation with gamma-MnO2 gave thebaine in 67% yield from codeine.
(14) Oxymercuration of thebaine with mercuric acetate in refluxing methanol, followed by hydrolysis of the intermediate 7-acetomercurineopinone dimethyl ketal with 3 N acetic acid, or, alternatively, reduction of the organomercury compound with sodium borohydride and mild acid hydrolysis of the resulting neopinone dimethyl ketal, gives neopinone in 95-100% yields.
(15) A practical synthesis of thebaine and oripavine has been developed from codeine and morphine, respectively.
(16) Others opioids (dihydrocodeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and thebaine) are structurally similar to codeine and their metabolism (O-demethylation at the 3 position) might also be under genetic control.
(17) The method was applied successfully to the direct determination of thebaine in the Arya II population capsules of Papaver bracteatum Lindl.
(18) Thebaine isolated by this technique was shown to be pure, regardless of the age of plant or plant part from which it was obtained.
(19) One of the poppies, X7, (ca 5% thebaine) developed capsules consisting partly of polyploid tissue during the first and second year.
(20) The most potent drug in inhibiting the uptake of 5-HT (10 muM) by human platelets was methadone, followed by pentazocine>piminodine approximately pethidine approximately anileridine approximately cyclazocine approximately thebaine > dextropropoxyphene.