(1) Previous demonstrations of "visual" effects in auditory tasks have been largely restricted to orthographic effects with word stimuli.
(2) The present experiment provided a critical test between the two classes of theories by independently varying orthographic context and visual letter information in a letter recognition task.
(3) Instead their word retrieval deficits extended only to the orthographic materials.
(4) These pseudowords were of two types: those that have orthographically similar "neighbors," and those that have no neighbors.
(5) The effect of orthographic distinctiveness upon free recall reveals a certain inadequacy in the notion of transfer-appropriate processing.
(6) For voweled words, phonemic and orthographic partial-repetition effects were equivalent at Lag 0, each about half the size of the full-repetition effect.
(7) Primes that were orthographically (and phonemically) related to the target words were found to facilitate word retrieval.
(8) The distortion produced by this chart was analyzed and compared to other 2D projections, such as stereographic, equal area, and orthographic maps of the retina.
(9) In Experiment 1, partial identity priming using word-final trigrams was observed only when the bigram corresponded to the orthographic rime unit.
(10) We interpret these findings as support for models of lexical representation that are based on orthographic properties (e.g., Seidenberg & McClelland, 1989) rather than those based on phonological constraints.
(11) The camera system produces real-time focused, orthographic images of a 15 times 15 cm field.
(12) The contrasting performance suggests that grammatical-class distinctions are redundantly represented in the phonological and orthographic output lexical components.
(13) A scale of phonetic distance and a scale of orthographic distance combined in multiple regression to predict association value and meaningfulness with R above +.80.
(14) Latency of lexical decision was longer for orthographically distinctive than for orthographically common words.
(15) The analysis is based primarily on the "structure from motion" theorem which states that the structure of four non-coplanar points is recoverable from three orthographic projections.
(16) Three studies were carried out to investigate orthographic and semantic priming effects in word retrieval.
(17) When prime words were presented for 350 ms without a mask, it was observed that primes that are lower frequency orthographic neighbors of the target interfered with target processing relative to an unrelated condition.
(18) These loud orthographic markers, in turn, echo the profound divide that separates the Afghans' traditional society from the liberal markets from whence secondhand cars make their journey across continents, sometimes complete with dangerously loaded but misunderstood ornamental accessories.
(19) At 64-msec prime presentation durations, primes that are pseudohomophones of the target produced facilitatory effects compared to orthographic controls, but these orthographically similar non-word primes did not facilitate target recognition compared to unrelated controls.
(20) Several experiments demonstrated that the morphological and orthographic units arise from different processes: The morphological units depend on lexical access, and the orthographic units do not.
Ray
Definition:
(v. t.) To array.
(v. t.) To mark, stain, or soil; to streak; to defile.
(n.) Array; order; arrangement; dress.
(n.) One of a number of lines or parts diverging from a common point or center, like the radii of a circle; as, a star of six rays.
(n.) A radiating part of a flower or plant; the marginal florets of a compound flower, as an aster or a sunflower; one of the pedicels of an umbel or other circular flower cluster; radius. See Radius.
(n.) One of the radiating spines, or cartilages, supporting the fins of fishes.
(n.) One of the spheromeres of a radiate, especially one of the arms of a starfish or an ophiuran.
(n.) A line of light or heat proceeding from a radiant or reflecting point; a single element of light or heat propagated continuously; as, a solar ray; a polarized ray.
(n.) One of the component elements of the total radiation from a body; any definite or limited portion of the spectrum; as, the red ray; the violet ray. See Illust. under Light.
(n.) Sight; perception; vision; -- from an old theory of vision, that sight was something which proceeded from the eye to the object seen.
(n.) One of a system of diverging lines passing through a point, and regarded as extending indefinitely in both directions. See Half-ray.
(n.) To mark with long lines; to streak.
(n.) To send forth or shoot out; to cause to shine out; as, to ray smiles.
(v. i.) To shine, as with rays.
(n.) Any one of numerous elasmobranch fishes of the order Raiae, including the skates, torpedoes, sawfishes, etc.
(n.) In a restricted sense, any of the broad, flat, narrow-tailed species, as the skates and sting rays. See Skate.
Example Sentences:
(1) The level of gadd45 mRNA increased rapidly after X rays at doses as low as 2 Gy.
(2) Pain is not reported in the removal area, the clinical examinations show identical findings on both patellar tendons, X-ray and ultrasound evaluations do not demonstrate any change in patellar position.
(3) Findings on plain X-ray of the abdomen, using the usual parameters of psoas and kidney shadows in the Nigerian, indicate that the two communities studied are similar but urinary calculi and urinary tract distortion are significantly more prominent in the community with the higher endemicity of urinary schistosomiasis.
(4) In the German Democratic Republic, patients with scleroderma and history of long term silica exposure are recognized as patients with occupational disease even though pneumoconiosis is not clearly demonstrated on X-ray film.
(5) A new type of Escherichia coli mutant which shows increased sensitivity to methyl methane sulfonate but not to UV light or to gamma rays was isolated after mutagenesis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.
(6) Thin films (OD approximately 0.7) of glucose-embedded membranes, prepared as a control, showed virtually 100% conversion to the M state, and stacks of such thin film specimens gave very similar x-ray diffraction patterns in the bR568 and the M412 state in most experiments.
(7) In 0.17 M Na+(aq), tRNA(Phe) exists in its native conformation and the number of strong binding sites (Ka greater than or equal to 10(4)) was estimated to be 3-4 by titration experiments, in agreement with X-ray structural data for crystalline tRNA(Phe) (Jack et al., 1977).
(8) Radiological findings on chest X-rays taken two weeks after BAI were evaluated according to Takeuchi's criteria.
(9) The intermandibularis is probably present only in electric rays.
(10) Carbopol-940 gels, being the best of those used, were studied further for the effect of its concentration and of additives (benzalkonium chloride, phenylmercuric nitrate, chlorbutol and disodium edetate), autoclaving at 121 degrees C for 30 min and irradiation with gamma rays (2.5 Mrad), on the end product.
(11) The X-ray tube rotates outside the detector array at the rate of one revolution per second.
(12) If this is what 70s stoners were laughing at, it feels like they’ve already become acquiescent, passive parts of media-relayed consumer society; precursors of the cathode-ray-frazzled pop-culture exegetists of Tarantino and Kevin Smith in the 90s.
(13) Chromosome aberrations were scored in BHK21 C13 Syrian hamster fibroblasts, exposed to 60Co gamma-rays, 250 kV X-rays, 15 MeV neutrons or neutrons of mean energy 2.1 MeV produced from the 9Be(d,n)10B reaction.
(14) The scatter measurement was made using a standard imaging geometry with both beam stops and an additional x-ray detector placed behind the standard imaging detector.
(15) Chest X-ray revealed multiple nodular lesions in both lung fields.
(16) The treatment group received 75 mg of roxatidine acetate hydrochloride at 9 PM and 12 to 13 hours later gastric juice secretion was measured with gastric x-ray films in both groups.
(17) All patients received an X-ray study of swallow at 3 months after the operation.
(18) Modifications in quaternary structure induced by variation of these physicochemical parameters were followed by means of X-ray and quasi-elastic light-scattering and quantified in terms of weight average molecular weight (M), radius of gyration (Rg) and hydrodynamic radius (Rh).
(19) Congenital defect of a cervical pedicle produces a rare clinical syndrome with a characteristic X-ray picture associated with vague clinical signs often accentuated after trauma.
(20) A chest X-ray examination showed a large mediastinal mass on the right.