(1) Previous demonstrations of "visual" effects in auditory tasks have been largely restricted to orthographic effects with word stimuli.
(2) The present experiment provided a critical test between the two classes of theories by independently varying orthographic context and visual letter information in a letter recognition task.
(3) Instead their word retrieval deficits extended only to the orthographic materials.
(4) These pseudowords were of two types: those that have orthographically similar "neighbors," and those that have no neighbors.
(5) The effect of orthographic distinctiveness upon free recall reveals a certain inadequacy in the notion of transfer-appropriate processing.
(6) For voweled words, phonemic and orthographic partial-repetition effects were equivalent at Lag 0, each about half the size of the full-repetition effect.
(7) Primes that were orthographically (and phonemically) related to the target words were found to facilitate word retrieval.
(8) The distortion produced by this chart was analyzed and compared to other 2D projections, such as stereographic, equal area, and orthographic maps of the retina.
(9) In Experiment 1, partial identity priming using word-final trigrams was observed only when the bigram corresponded to the orthographic rime unit.
(10) We interpret these findings as support for models of lexical representation that are based on orthographic properties (e.g., Seidenberg & McClelland, 1989) rather than those based on phonological constraints.
(11) The camera system produces real-time focused, orthographic images of a 15 times 15 cm field.
(12) The contrasting performance suggests that grammatical-class distinctions are redundantly represented in the phonological and orthographic output lexical components.
(13) A scale of phonetic distance and a scale of orthographic distance combined in multiple regression to predict association value and meaningfulness with R above +.80.
(14) Latency of lexical decision was longer for orthographically distinctive than for orthographically common words.
(15) The analysis is based primarily on the "structure from motion" theorem which states that the structure of four non-coplanar points is recoverable from three orthographic projections.
(16) Three studies were carried out to investigate orthographic and semantic priming effects in word retrieval.
(17) When prime words were presented for 350 ms without a mask, it was observed that primes that are lower frequency orthographic neighbors of the target interfered with target processing relative to an unrelated condition.
(18) These loud orthographic markers, in turn, echo the profound divide that separates the Afghans' traditional society from the liberal markets from whence secondhand cars make their journey across continents, sometimes complete with dangerously loaded but misunderstood ornamental accessories.
(19) At 64-msec prime presentation durations, primes that are pseudohomophones of the target produced facilitatory effects compared to orthographic controls, but these orthographically similar non-word primes did not facilitate target recognition compared to unrelated controls.
(20) Several experiments demonstrated that the morphological and orthographic units arise from different processes: The morphological units depend on lexical access, and the orthographic units do not.
Vertical
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to the vertex; situated at the vertex, or highest point; directly overhead, or in the zenith; perpendicularly above one.
(a.) Perpendicular to the plane of the horizon; upright; plumb; as, a vertical line.
(n.) Vertical position; zenith.
(n.) A vertical line, plane, or circle.
Example Sentences:
(1) Vertical gratings are tinged with green and horizontal gratings with pink.
(2) A modification of Mason's vertical banded gastroplasty for morbid obesity is presented, along with experience from 62 treated patients.
(3) When compared with lissencephalic species, a great horizontal fibrillary system (which is vertically arranged in gyral regions) was observed in convoluted brains.
(4) The relapse was 80% in the sagittal plane, 70% in the transverse plane, and 12% in the vertical plane.
(5) However, the effect of prior jaw motion and the effect of the recording site on the EMG amplitudes and on the vertical dimension of minimum EMG activity have not been documented.
(6) Results on resting blood pressure, serum lipids, vital capacity, flexibility, upper body strength, and vertical jump tests were comparable to values found for the sedentary population.
(7) We performed a prospective study on 68 eyes of 68 patients to compare the vertical cup-disk ratio obtained with the video-ophthalmograph to that obtained with manual analysis of black-and-white stereoscopic photographs.
(8) 3-D curves were computed with an apparent rotation around the vertical axis Z.
(9) The following oculomotor paradigms were investigated: horizontal and vertical saccades of different sizes (10-80 degrees), smooth pursuit eye movements, optokinetic and vestibular nystagmus.
(10) From a psychological-vertical aspect the group is rather a common situation in which the individual members remain in their experience separated from each other.
(11) Single vertical spin and electron microscopy analyses of these HDL subpopulations demonstrated that acid elution from the affinity columns caused no detectable change in size and density of the three subpopulation particles.
(12) 'Vertical' sections are plane sections longitudinal to a fixed (but arbitrary) axial direction.
(13) Although active head movements reversed horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflexes, vertical vestibulo-ocular reflexes in light and darkness were normal.
(14) To meet these prerequisites we have introduced some technical refinements: (1) computer-controlled rectilinear translations of the target in combination with different angular positions of the source and (2) computer-controlled rotations of the target around a vertical axis in combination with different angular positions of the source.
(15) These observations suggest that the persistently mobile, vertically positioned unbonded cup remain stable despite the stress of significant trauma.
(16) First, the possibility of "vertical" transmission of the virus was examined, as the Papio stock in Sukhumi was genetically homogeneous.
(17) The "lazy-T" technique consists of a surgical horizontal and vertical shortening of the involved portion of the lower eyelid.
(18) The LVOR in the presence of visual targets (VLVOR) was tested by recording human vertical eye and head movements during self-generated vertical linear oscillation (averaging 2.7 Hz at peak excursion of 3.2 cm) while subjects alternately fixated targets at D = 36, 142, and 424 cm.
(19) During powder compaction on a Manesty Betapress, peak pressures, Pmax, are reached before the punches are vertically aligned with the centres of the upper and lower compression roll support pins.
(20) Accommodation measurements of nine young, emmetropic subjects were obtained with an infrared optometer while they viewed superimposed horizontal and vertical square-wave gratings at various dioptric separations.