(n.) A disease of the bones, in which they lose their earthy material, and become soft, flexible, and distorted. Also called malacia.
Example Sentences:
(1) When in addition the serum P is low (which was a feature of male patients), the danger exists for osteomalacia to develop.
(2) Osteomalacia is characterized by large osteoid seams and a preserved volume of bone trabeculae.
(3) Chronic ingestion of certain drugs can lead to osteomalacia and hypocalcemia by potentiating the metabolism of vitamin D to inactive compounds.
(4) Whereas markedly high values of 1, 25-(OH)2D in plasma were found in some cases of primary hyperparathyroidism with prominent bone resorption, relatively low values were seen in some patients with chronic renal failure, senile osteoporosis, osteomalacia and hypercalcemia due to bone metastasis.
(5) The growth plates did not increase in width despite the presence of osteomalacia and histologic evidence of extensive deposition of aluminum in bone.
(6) A follow-up biopsy examined after 12 months of therapy showed almost complete healing of osteomalacia and normal mineralization.
(7) The fractures, which appeared on roentgenograms as transverse radiolucent zones with variable callus formation, healed slowly or not at all despite treatment with calcium and vitamin D. They resembled pseudofractures (Looser's transformation zones) radiologically, but the biochemical and histologic findings were those of idiopathic osteoporosis rather than osteomalacia.
(8) A third had intestinal malabsorption, 20 had features of osteomalacia, and 87 were iron deficient.
(9) Treatment will depend on the predominant bone lesions: secondary hyperparathyroidism or osteomalacia.
(10) The various abnormalities occurred alone or in combination with one another and, to a large extent, independently of serum biochemistry.Radiological examination failed to diagnose the histological abnormality in 12 of 13 patients with osteomalacia and in 10 of 25 patients with osteitis fibrosa.
(11) The serum bio-PTH assay was useful in identifying patients with osteomalacia, low turnover bone disease, or aluminum accumulation.
(12) Thus, fractures in patients with renal failure and accumulation of aluminum may result not only from osteomalacia but also from osteopenia.
(13) Osteomalacia due to impaired liver hydroxylation of vitamin D can hardly explain the increased fracture rate and the decreased bone mass, which have been described in alcoholics.
(14) Bone biopsies (n = 3) showed a normal mineralization and the disappearance of the osteomalacia.
(15) The secondary hyperparathyroidism followed by uremic renal osteodystrophy did not result in an osteomalacia.
(16) It was shown that the serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol level and the skeletal radiograph were the most valuable in the early detection of osteomalacia.
(17) Elevated levels persisted for six to twelve weeks after fracture, the major influence upon the level at this time being the maximum value achieved rather than the presence of osteomalacia.
(18) Pre-treatment biopsies showed signs of osteomalacia and hyperparathyroidism.
(19) We conclude that in patients with osteomalacia, a condition which is characterized by an increased osteoid accumulation due to a decreased mineralization rate, the increased level of serum osteocalcin reflects the increased osteoid synthesis but not the mineralization defect.
(20) In addition, they point out the subtle ways in which less commonly encountered metabolic bone diseases, such as osteomalacia, hyperparathyroidism, and Paget's disease, might come to the attention of the orthopedist.
Rickets
Definition:
(n. pl.) A disease which affects children, and which is characterized by a bulky head, crooked spine and limbs, depressed ribs, enlarged and spongy articular epiphyses, tumid abdomen, and short stature, together with clear and often premature mental faculties. The essential cause of the disease appears to be the nondeposition of earthy salts in the osteoid tissues. Children afflicted with this malady stand and walk unsteadily. Called also rachitis.
Example Sentences:
(1) A survey carried out two and three years after the launch of the official campaign also showed a reduction in the prevalence of rickets in children taking low dose supplements equivalent to about 2.5 micrograms (100 IU) vitamin D daily.
(2) Phenobarbital did not retard growth nor impede the response to vitamin D therapy of concomitant rickets.
(3) Where UV radiation is restricted, individual propensity to rickets within a given Asian community is mainly determined by dietary factors.
(4) In a large commercial goat farm rickets-like symptoms were diagnosed in goat kids.
(5) One of the metabolites proved to be as active as the parent vitamin in curing rickets and was found in large amounts in liver, blood, and bone.
(6) The influence of extra phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) on the incidence of rickets was studied in 40 infants with a birthweight below 1.5 kg.
(7) The healing of rickets, the stimulation of intestinal Ca and P transport, the effect on bone mineral, and the induction of renal calcifications have been examined.
(8) It has been confirmed that the foetal parathyroid glands are important in development and that thyroparathyroidectomy (TXPTX) of the ovine foetus with thyroxine (T4) replacement leads to hypocalcaemia, retarded skeletal development, depressed calcification and rickets, relative to thyroidectomy plus T4 replacement.
(9) A boy with Lowe syndrome who manifested renal Fanconi syndrome by severe hypophosphatemic rickets, failure to thrive, and metabolic acidosis failed to improve with conventional bolus therapy of phosphate and bicarbonate.
(10) Some of the factors predisposing to rickets were assessed in the rachitic children and in age-matched controls.
(11) Vitamin D deficiency contributes to bone demineralization and rickets.
(12) Lymphocyte cell lines were established from five patients with vitamin D-dependent rickets, type II (VDDR-II).
(13) Clinical signs of rickets are still absent at this time, while an increased activity of the serum alkaline phosphatase signals the beginning of the illness.
(14) The majority of this thickening was due to an increase in the zone of proliferation, identical to that which occurs in calcium-deficiency rickets.
(15) A 22-month-old girl with cystinotic rickets was given 1 microgram 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-DHCC) daily in addition to standard treatment.
(16) The patients were divided into 5 groups, 1) Osteomalacia and rickets 42 cases, showing typical changes of bone in X-ray films.
(17) In addition, the improved growth and healing of rickets further attest to the efficacy of the new treatment.
(18) In contrast, it appears that doses of either drug that are curative in D deficiency rickets are only partly active in PDR.
(19) During the latter half of an infant's first year, adequate mineral and vitamin D intakes may be important not only for the prevention of rickets but also for the attainment of optimal adult peak bone mass.
(20) Renal tubular dysfunctions with secondary rickets may be lacking altogether, even in chronic patients.