(n.) One who does not live where his office, or business, or estate, is.
(n.) That which lies, or is, away from the main body.
(n.) A part of a rock or stratum lying without, or beyond, the main body, from which it has been separated by denudation.
Example Sentences:
(1) No outliers were found when data were analyzed by the Dixon, Grubbs, double Grubbs, and Cochran tests.
(2) Lofgren complains that " the crackpot outliers of two decades ago have become the vital centre today ".
(3) We need to know whether using different methods to reject outliers leads to different results in the analysis of the data.
(4) Bias is controlled by the use of least-squares curve fitting for all assays, and constraints on the elimination of outlier points.
(5) Statistical treatment of results revealed no laboratory outliers and 6 individual or replicate-total outliers, accounting for 3.3% of the data.
(6) Patients with a greater number of complicating conditions (CCs) had higher total hospital costs, a longer hospital length of stay, more procedures per patient, increasing financial risk under DRGs, a larger number of outliers, and a higher mortality than did patients in these same DRGs with a fewer number of CCs.
(7) Distribution analysis of CBF change images (outlier detection by gamma-2 statistic) was assessed as an omnibus test for state-dependent changes in regional neuronal activity.
(8) Banks, who made his money selling insurance and sees himself, like Nigel Farage, as an ex-public school iconoclast of the “liberal establishment”, is no longer just some rightwing outlier.
(9) In both cases, the data should be checked for outliers or rogue observations and these should be eliminated if the testing procedure fails to imply that they are an integral part of the data.
(10) For the second show in the Guardian’s 10-week radio series on NTS, Alexis talked to the Guide’s Kate Hutchinson about glam’s early innovators, forgotten outliers and its modern descendants: T Rex to David Bowie and Iron Virgin to Perfume Genius.
(11) Of the firms analysed, Standard Chartered was found to be an outlier with 33% minority presence in this top 100 – the so-called pipeline – which the report said might be explained by its operations in Asia and the Middle East.
(12) Three measures of performance were studied: frequency of outliers greater than 3 standard deviations from the sample mean, the coefficient of variation (CV) of sample measurements, and the difference of the sample mean from the spike value.
(13) We found very low levels (less than 3 percent of normal levels) or no dystrophin in the severe Duchenne phenotype (35 of 38 patients), low concentrations of dystrophin in the intermediate (outlier) phenotype (4 of 7), and dystrophin of abnormal molecular weight in the mild Becker phenotype (12 of 18).
(14) Effective prophylactic measures increase profitability by preventing complications and minimizing the proportion of outliers due to increased length of stay.
(15) A BASIC program is described which, upon the input of raw data from an experiment comparing several treatment groups to a control, will output group parameters (mean, SEM), test for outliers in each group (maximum normalized residual test), and examine the homogeneity of variance (Bartlett's test).
(16) Most hospital outliers have fewer deaths or morbid cases than expected.
(17) Newborns with "extreme immaturity" (DRG 386) and "prematurity with major problems" (DRG 387) together accounted for less than 3% of all newborn discharges but for nearly one fourth of all outlier discharges.
(18) The direct linear plot was comparatively resistant to outlier observations; however, only when outliers were substantial did the method become superior to nonlinear least squares.
(19) Under current DRG reimbursement rates, the cost of care for rheumatology patients would be adequately reimbursed in our hospital: losses from outliers would be offset by net revenues from inliers as long as current Medicare adjustments for capital and medical education costs were continued.
(20) His latest book is Liars and Outliers: Enabling the Trust That Society Needs to Thrive.
Quartile
Definition:
(n.) Same as Quadrate.
Example Sentences:
(1) Subjects in the highest quartile of the insulin distribution had 6.6 times the risk of developing type II diabetes as subjects in the remaining three quartiles combined (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.14-13.7).
(2) The effects of low-chromium diets containing chromium in the lowest quartile of normal intake on glucose tolerance and related variables in 11 females and 6 male subjects were evaluated.
(3) When divided into quartiles based on the central adiposity ratio, only women in the fourth quartile (those with the highest central to peripheral body fat distribution) demonstrated an increased risk for breast cancer.
(4) Although calculation of the observed heart rate as a percent of that expected at the midpoint and end of each quartile of exercise used fewer observations, it provided similar results.
(5) Children consistently in the highest BP quartile had greater relative weight and higher heart rates in all three positions.
(6) Children in the upper two quartiles of fiber intake were estimated to have a 30 per cent lower risk of appendicitis than children in the lowest quartile.
(7) The lowest quartile of AMC was found most reliably by measuring plasma methionine, histidine, leucine and isoleucine concentrations.
(8) For a score based on consumption of only the 3 specified salad items the odds ratio over the extreme quartiles was 0.12 (0.05-0.32).
(9) Infants in the third quartile were fussy at the commencement of the period and became gradually more placid from the fifth week of life.
(10) Four hundred thirty-four patients (234 men, 200 women) greater than 40 years of age were stratified by gender and then divided into quartiles on the basis of a B-mode score that was derived by summing arterial wall thickness at nine sites in the left and nine sites in the right carotid arteries.
(11) The median (25,75 quartiles) rate of muscle protein synthesis after an overnight fast was 2.03 (2.00,2.23) % days-1 when the precursor enrichment was obtained by measurement of the plasma alpha-ketoisocaproate, taken to be representative of muscle free leucine.
(12) Mortality was as high as 81% in the bottom quartile (PHDL less than 13%), with a relative mortality risk of 1.71 for subjects in the bottom quartile compared to those in the top quartile (PHDL greater than or equal to 19%).
(13) The major finding was an inverse relationship between fruit intake and risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer; individuals in the highest quartile of intake had about half the risk of those in the lowest quartile.
(14) Those in the top and bottom quartiles on intrinsic motivation were classified as either relatively task intrinsically motivated or task extrinsically motivated and were assigned to behavior regulation conditions: self-regulated reinforcement, externally imposed reinforcement, or control.
(15) Three data reduction methods are discussed: the classification with respect to frequency bands, the search for prominent frequencies, and the computation of quartiles of the frequency spectra.
(16) Tumor latency decreased with increasing dose of MNU, but the quartiles for time to detection of all tumors within each carcinogen dose group were similar irrespective of anatomical region in which the tumors occurred.
(17) This was true not only for the relation between average latencies but also for the relation between corresponding quartiles of latency distributions.
(18) Epidemiologic analysis demonstrated a fivefold decrease in risk for severe ASCAD between the lowest and the highest quartile of total testosterone.
(19) The relative risk of developing proteinuria after 4 years for those with glycosylated hemoglobin levels in the highest quartile compared with those in the lowest quartile was 3.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 5.3).
(20) Median followup period was 6.5 years, quartiles 5.5 and 8.0 years.