What's the difference between overshoot and undershoot?
Overshoot
Definition:
(v. t.) To shoot over or beyond.
(v. t.) To pass swiftly over; to fly beyond.
(v. t.) To exceed; as, to overshoot the truth.
(v. i.) To fly beyond the mark.
Example Sentences:
(1) An "overshoot" elevation of ejection fraction above resting levels was demonstrated following termination of exercise in most patients.
(2) To determine if this age difference resulted from a prolonged active state, electromechanical dissociation and the overshoot of contraction duration during recovery from hypoxia were measured.
(3) At reoxygenation the contraction force increased with a first peak overshooting 50% of the initial aerobic value after 5-10 min, to decline during the following 10-15 min to a plateau slightly below the initial aerobic value.
(4) Depolarization with high [K+]o induced a large but transient [Ca2+]i overshoot in hypothyroid myocytes, but not in hyperthyroid myocytes, before a new elevated steady-state [Ca2+]i was reached, which was not different between the groups.
(5) In hypertrophied cardiac muscle, the overshoot of the slow APs was increased by 75%, the maximum rate of rise (Vmax) increased by 76% and the AP duration at 50% repolarization (APD50) prolonged by 56%.
(6) Thus the overshoot effect was markedly reduced by aspirin because the drug partially counteracted the normally poor detectability for signals presented soon after masker onset.
(7) Activities in old rat livers returned to the basal level on day 5 of ND, while activities in young animal livers that increased to levels higher than basal levels due to the overshoot returned to the basal level on day 7 of ND.
(8) When sodium intake is increased abruptly (by 20 mmol day-1, 0.3 mmol kg-1), total sodium excretion only increases gradually but after about 3 days it 'overshoots' as in humans.
(9) The persistence of the phosphocreatine overshoot phenomenon, while basal function was already normalized, indicates that a reduced function and thus a reduced energy demand of the contractile apparatus are not the cause of the phosphocreatine overshoot.
(10) The resultant kinetic model can produce a response that overshoots, quickens, and eventually saturates as the input intensity is increased.
(11) Significant overshoots in blood pressure and heart rate, reaching peak values 16 to 26 hr after the last injection, occurred in all clonidine-treated rats, but in no control rats.
(12) However, no overshoot was obtained in the presence of a NaCl gradient, and KCl and LiCl also produced equivalent stimulation of transport suggesting a nonspecific ionic strength effect.
(13) When an NaSCN electrochemical gradient was present, an "overshoot" was present, indicating active cotransport.
(14) These saccades were hypermetric and were followed immediately, without any intersaccadic interval, by a large, oppositely directed saccade (dynamic overshoot).
(15) Motoneurons could generate overshooting action potentials at the earliest stage studied [embryonic day 4 (E4)].
(16) Hemodynamic changes can be separated into an adaptation phase (AP) with an "overshoot" response of most hemodynamic parameters and a stable phase (SP) without further changes, reached after 6.5 minutes (1 to 18 minutes).
(17) We tested the hypothesis that quis-induced intracellular Ca2+ release and extrusion of Ca2+ from the cells contributed to the overshoots.
(18) At higher doses of calcineurin containing liposomes the preparations ceased to exhibit spontaneous activity but elicited electrically driven action potentials with lower +Vmax and overshoot.
(19) Both areas showed increases in P but decreases in S. Acute K repletion resulted in a significant overshoot of K in both areas, coupled with a profound decrease in Cl.
(20) However, when vesicles were loaded with both KCl and NaCl the height of the overshoot was considerably decreased indicating a Na+-K+-dependent dissipation of the intravesicular to extravesicular chloride gradient.
Undershoot
Definition:
(v. t.) To shoot short of (a mark).
Example Sentences:
(1) What it was not expecting was that the committee had been split over the increase in new electronic money needed to prevent inflation undershooting its 2% target, with the governor, Mervyn King , leading a triumvirate calling for a £75bn boost.
(2) In all experimental conditions gaze displacement at the end of the initial saccade was normally related in a predictive manner to final head position, but when fixating visual targets offset by more than 60 degrees from the central position there were often large errors, 22% of responses undershooting the target by more than 15 degrees.
(3) The postrelease undershoot is decreased by raising external K+, but is not blocked by TEA.
(4) HSBC's analysts said: "The levy may end up undershooting [targets] if banks can adjust their balance sheets away from short-term wholesale funding."
(5) It decreases the overshoot of the action potential in some of the neurons studied and prolongs the falling phase and the undershoot in other neurons.
(6) These results indicate a much more active adaptation to speaking rate than implied by the target undershoot model.
(7) Sixty percent of the P-cells displayed an overshoot or undershoot in firing rate, indicating a relationship to either retinal-error velocity or eye acceleration as well as to eye velocity.
(8) The subject in experiment 1 showed lingual undershoot for stressed vowels in "a big again" and "a bob again."
(9) This undershoot depends upon the activation of a calcium-mediated potassium channel, as suggested by its sensitivity to [Ca++]o and charybdotoxin.
(10) Analysis of subject response strategies on the FMTMT revealed recurring patterns, described here as Overshoot, Undershoot, Oscillate and Hit.
(11) The importance of active K+ removal in determining the amplitude and duration of deltaEK and deltaV is illustrated by their marked potentiation (as well as the disappearance of post-tetanic undershoots) induced by a lowering of blood pressure or local application of strophanthidin.
(12) The data, failing to produce evidence for an "undershoot" mechanism, support the view that dialect-specific correlates of stress are actively safeguarded by means of articulatory reorganization.
(13) Two stimulus patterns involving steps in the same direction (an undershoot error signal) and opposite direction (an overshoot error signal) to the initial step were examined.
(14) Electric stimulation of the cortical surface and the nucleus ventroposterolateralis of the thalamus brought about an increase in aK followed by an undershoot and return to normal value.
(15) These four random variables are shown to cause all the observed variability in human saccades, including: trajectory profile, velocity profile, dynamic overshoot, and glissadic overshoot and undershoot.
(16) Zero [K+]o resulted in the loss of one Na+ current, the pacemaker current i(f), but when K+ was returned to the bathing medium i(f) recovered rapidly and is therefore unlikely to be responsible for the long-lasting undershoot of aiNa.
(17) The depolarizing response was not the result of increased extracellular K, as demonstrated by the constancy of the undershoot of the axonal action potential during the depolarization, by the failure of the response to summate during repetitive stimulation and by the failure of the response amplitude to vary as predicted when the [K] of the saline was varied.
(18) Spike overshoot recordings had action potentials (APs) larger than associated baseline shifts on penetration; undershoot recordings had APs smaller than associated baseline shifts on penetration.
(19) The characteristics of the rises in [K+]0 and subsequent undershoots were comparable to previous observations in in vivo preparations.
(20) Size and duration (range 0.5--4 min) of the undershoots of aK increased with increasing peak amplitudes of the preceding rise in aK.