What's the difference between oxalate and oxamate?
Oxalate
Definition:
(n.) A salt of oxalic acid.
Example Sentences:
(1) It was found that the initial rate of [14C]oxalate absorption is rapid (6.5 per cent per min), and that after 5 min the rate of absorption decreases to about 0.6 per cent per min.
(2) Possible reasons for the previous discrepancies between direct and isotopic methods are discussed, as are the effects of protein binding, sample handling, and storage conditions on oxalate values in plasma.
(3) The blockage of the tubular system by the calcium oxalate deposits leads to a temporary reversible increase in serum urea and serum creatinine.
(4) The differences in the amounts of rapidly releasable calcium were attributed to different kinetics of calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate dissolution.
(5) Cholestyramine known to reduce oxalate excretion in hyperuxaluria associated with ileal resection did not directly affect absorption of oxalic acid, but decreased the enhanced absorption of oxalic acid induced by bile acids.
(6) Cellulose phosphate greatly reduced phosphate crystals but resulted in a large increase in small oxalate crystals but without change in the incidence of aggregation of oxalate crystals.
(7) Excretion of oxalic acid in urine was measured in 28 healthy and 97 patients with gastrointestinal diseases.
(8) This sensor has been used in flow injection to determine oxalate, alkylamines, and NADH.
(9) The addition of oxalate to a suspension of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils before fixation with glutaraldehyde and postfixation with osmium tetroxide-antimonate greatly enhanced the amount of calcium antimonate precipitate subsequently detectable with the electron microscope.
(10) This study indicates that NaF can inhibit renal stone formation induced by EG by decreasing oxalate synthesis and urinary oxalate excretion, and suggests a possible clinical therapeutic value of NaF in the prevention of oxalate kidney stones.
(11) Absorption of calcium from intrinsically labeled Ca oxalate was measured in 18 normal women and compared with absorption of Ca from milk in these same subjects, both when the test substances were ingested in separate meals and when ingested together.
(12) The odds that uroliths submitted for analysis were composed of calcium oxalate was 2 times greater for Miniature Schnauzers than for dogs of other breeds (95% confidence interval = 1.6 to 2.4).
(13) The inhibiting activity of CaOx crystal growth and the most widely accepted inhibitors (glycosaminoglycans, citrate, magnesium, pyrophosphate), stone constituents (calcium, oxalate, phosphate, urate) and other normal urinary substances were evaluated.
(14) On histologic examination, the flecks were found to be due to intracellular accumulation of calcium oxalate in the RPE cells.
(15) X-ray spectroscopy and histochemistry demonstrated that the crystals contained mainly calcium oxalate and calcium carbonate and thus represented products of cellular metabolism.
(16) To explain the opposite effects of GTP in the absence and presence of oxalate, it is proposed that GTP activates a transmembrane conveyance of Ca2+ between oxalate-permeable and -impermeable compartments.
(17) The rapid clearance of ethylene glycol from the blood during hemodialysis is noted and the use of ethyl alcohol to block metabolic conversion of ethylene glycol to oxalic acid, which is also a toxin, is described.
(18) Patients had higher basal urinary oxalate levels than normal subjects.
(19) Such data suggest the presence of an overall neutral oxalate self-exchange, independent of common cations or anions.
(20) In contrast to concentrative cellular uptake demonstrated in rat renal cortical slices in vitro, intracellular accumulation of 14C-oxalate could not be detected in vivo.
Oxamate
Definition:
(n.) A salt of oxamic acid.
Example Sentences:
(1) The affinity system used was the immobilized oxamate derivative previously used to purify mammalian lactate dehydrogenases.
(2) The most interesting derivative of the new series was N-[4-(3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-thiazolyl]oxamic acid 2-ethoxyethyl ester (49), which was also active and more potent than DSCG in experimental models involving either IgE- or IgG-mediated anaphylactic responses at bronchopulmonary level.
(3) N-(4-Nitrophenyl)oxamic acid[1] (1) was coupled with Sepharose 4B containing 1,6-diaminohexane as spacer group.
(4) Oxamate added to the suspension was ineffective in modifying this activity.
(5) The presence of conjugated N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-oxamic acid in some samples was suggested by the detection of small additional amounts of the free acid after treatment of the urine with beta-glucuronidase.
(6) Oxamate, a specific inhibitor of lactate dehydrogenase, prevented the inhibitory effect of D-lactate.
(7) Preincubation of the vesicles with oxamate or p-chloromercuribenzoate inhibited Rb+ uptake, but their addition to respiring vesicles again did not cause efflux.
(8) Those ovariectomized rats receiving replacement therapy were also resistant to oxamate effects.
(9) The oxamate derivative attenuates the increase in number of eosinophils and mononuclear cells obtained in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 24 hr after an active anaphylactic shock induced by aerosol.
(10) The HCO3(-)-dependent MgATP cleavage is also sensitive to inhibition by a pyruvate carboxylase inhibitor, oxamate, and the dependence of the reaction on the free Mg2+ concentration is similar to that of the pyruvate-carboxylation reaction, whereas the HCO3(-)-independent MgATP cleavage is not dependent on the concentration of free Mg2+ in the range tested.
(11) Two neuraminidases were isolated from the culture medium and purified by various procedures of gel chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, and by affinity chromatography on N-(4-nitrophenyl)-oxamic acid-Sepharose 4B.
(12) Also synthesized and investigated were two (2-carbosy-1,4-dihydro-4-oxobenzo[h]-quinolyl)oxamic acids (9 and 10).
(13) N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-oxamic acid is formed when metronidazole is reduced either chemically or by the action of the intestinal bacteria.
(14) In castrate rats, however, the addition of oxamate to the medium significantly reduced oxytocin-driven and spontaneous motility.
(15) Nine heterocyclic oxamic acid derivatives were synthesized and tested in the rat passive cutaneous anaphylactic assay as potential antiallergy agents.
(16) Preliminary characterization of the liver-specific isozyme relative to the eye-specific LDH-C4 in the Basketmouth cichlid with respect to thermolability and NADH-induced binding to oxamate-sepharose columns suggests that the eye- and liver-specific LDH isozymes are biochemically quite distinct in this fish and that they are probably encoded by two distinct loci.
(17) Finally, published frontal affinity chromatographic data for the NADH-dependent elution of rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase from oxamate-Sepharose are reanalysed using these equations to demonstrate the characterization of a system reflecting the binding of a solute-ligand complex to an affinity matrix.
(18) Substitution of the Sar1 residue of sarmesin with N,N-dimethyl-Gly, N-ethyl-Gly, aminoisobutyric, (methylamino)isobutyric, aminocaproic, and oxamic acids gave analogues that had the following respective antagonist activities (pA2) in the rat isolated uterus assay: less than 6, 6.9, 5.5, 6.0, less than 6, and 5.3.
(19) The mechanism of activation of the lactate dehydrogenase from Streptococcus faecalis by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate was investigated by using the immobilized oxamate gel.
(20) The reduction in the magnitude of the 13C isotope effect for the oxamate-dependent decarboxylation of oxalacetate from 1.0238 to 1.0155 when the reaction was performed in D2O (primary deuterum isotope effect = 2.1) clearly indicates that the transfer of the proton and carboxyl group between biotin and pyruvate does not occur via a single concerted reaction.