(1) In order to examine the role of the basal ganglia (BG) in the regulation of basic movement parameters, we recorded extracellularly from pallidal neurons in conscious monkeys during the performance of a sequential wrist movement task which was composed of a series of holds and ballistic jumps.
(2) The tasks were designed to dissociate several modes and parameters of movement to see whether pallidal neurons would discharge in relation to one and not the others.
(3) A related growth factor, epidermal growth factor (EGF), has also been reported to be present in pallidal regions of rat brain.
(4) It is concluded that, of the compounds identified, solstitialin A 13-acetate and cynaropicrin have toxic potential in cell cultures, containing cells from the substantia nigra of the rat, the specificity of action to cells of the substantia nigra remains to be shown, and that a toxic action in the midbrain may contribute to the nigro-pallidal encephalomalacia, caused by the ingestion of the yellow star thistle by horses.
(5) This response pattern was present in 39% of the pallidal records, and appeared to be elicited by the auditory components of the CS and US.
(6) SITS was chosen for the pallidal injections because it is not taken up by fibers-of-passage.
(7) The proposed changes in nomenclature are based on the analysis of topographical relationships between nigral, pallidal, and cerebellar projections to the thalamus studied in 13 rhesus monkeys with the use of autoradiography technique.
(8) However, these two pallidal afferents arborize according to a different pattern in GPe and GPi.
(9) The first excitation was assumed to be monosynaptically driven since it was not affected by pallidal lesion or transsection of the internal capsule.
(11) In the human ventral nuclear complex there is a very clear histochemical distinction between nuclei which, on the basis of comparison with the monkey, probably form the pallidal, cerebellar and lemniscal relays to premotor, motor and somatic sensory cortex, respectively.
(12) A very high proportion of pallidal and entopeduncular neurons showed changes in firing rate during fluid injection.
(13) Statistical analysis reveals a marked difference between reconstructive surgery and simple thrombectomy, whereas fibrinolysis was found to be a useful but limited method used only in patients with pallid ischemia and in circulatory compensation.
(14) The contradiction which exists between akinesia with an abnormal activity of the medial pallidum and akinesia with bilateral pallidal lesions could only be apparent if akinesia was linked to the ineffective emission or to the interruption of messages to the thalamus.
(15) Neuroleptic administration augmented the responses to cortical stimulation in 12 of 34 pallidal neurons.
(16) A recent neuropathological study has reported decreased levels of dynorphin A immunoreactivity in striato-pallidal fibers in the brain of a patient with severe Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (TS).
(17) This population was separate from the more numerous population of medium size globus pallidus cells projecting to the subthalamic nucleus and was also separate from the pallidal and especially peripallidal population of large cholinergic cells projecting to the cortex.
(18) We have tested the hypothesis that the basal ganglia initiate some one or several modes of movement by recording the change in discharge frequency of pallidal neurons during visually triggered step and visually paced ramp moves in relation to the visual stimulus onset, the change in the electromyograph (EMG), and the movement onset of trained rhesus monkeys.
(19) The bilateral modulatory effects of striatal stimulation may cancel out the circling behavior seen during pallidal stimulation, and cause only head turning.
(20) Oxidative phosphorylation was studied in isolated liver mitochondria from manganese-deficient mice and in those from a mutant strain, pallid.
Pallor
Definition:
(a.) Paleness; want of color; pallidity; as, pallor of the complexion.
Example Sentences:
(1) Other changes, such as incomplete infarction or myelin pallor with gliosis, have been described.
(2) The intravideographic variability for pallor histogram values ranged from 0.82% to 2.94%.
(3) The mean birth weight and height were significantly greater in the control group, and no control infant had an episode of cyanosis or pallor or repeated episodes of profuse sweating observed during their sleep.
(4) The presence or absence of pallor in 951 individuals and their haemoglobin levels were matched, defining haemoglobin of 10 g dl-1 or less as representing anaemia.
(5) Ascites, fever, wasting, pallor, and abdominal tenderness were common findings.
(6) Variability in taking measurements of the pallor area of the optic nerve head is mainly due to observer variations rather than the image variations.
(7) The child had COHb concentration 18%, pallor, tachycardia, tachypnoea, raised blood pressure, tonic seizures and loss of consciousness.
(8) Manifestations include intermittent claudication, diminished or absent pulsations, pallor, and trophic changes.
(9) These early atherosclerotic lesions included a localized cloudy thickening with pallor, slight elevation, a non-fibrotic lesion and gray-white or yellowish-white, firm, elevated fibrous plaques.
(10) Two patients had initial unilateral papillary pallor associated with P100 amplitude alterations.
(11) Gross lesions consisted of disseminated hemorrhages, bone marrow pallor, a variety of changes suggesting septicemia, and overwhelming bacterial infection.
(12) Moderate gliosis and glial nodules, sometimes associated with perivascular infiltrates and white matter pallor, were observed at 1 month (intracerebral injection) and 2 months (intravenous injection), and remained unchanged until 12 months post-inoculation.
(13) In this article, we try to show the importance of the dynamic test of the papilla (dynamic provoked circulatory response): measuring the change in pallor of the rim during an artificial increase in the intraocular pressure.
(14) Only those parental observations were considered which reported the infant to be asleep with no apparent equipment malfunction following an apnea alarm (with or without pallor, cyanosis, or the provision of external stimulation) or a low heart rate alarm associated with pallor, cyanosis, or stimulation.
(15) The pallor of the frontal white matter in PSVE is mainly based on the loss of nerve fibres, and may be in part based on the thin myelin sheaths.
(16) In the past, indications for transfusion have included tachypnea, tachycardia, poor weight gain, apnea, bradycardia, pallor, lethargy, decreased activity, or poor feeding.
(17) Multiple regression analysis revealed that, in addition to ocular hypertension, the significant factors associated with a change in optic disc pallor were change of ocular pressure, standard deviation of the ocular pressures, presence of vascular hypertension, and standard deviation of vascular pulse pressures.
(18) The Doppler score, pallor and coldness of the hand all had some value.
(19) Clinical characteristics were the same in all cases, including limpness, severe dysautonomic disorders, and pallor; all infants had retinal and pre-retinal haemorrhages.
(20) The sensitivity and specificity of standardized pallor measurements (49% and 57%, respectively, for this database) were not as good as those for stereoscopic measurements of disc rim area in the same database (70% and 73%).