What's the difference between parallel and perpendicular?

Parallel


Definition:

  • (a.) Extended in the same direction, and in all parts equally distant; as, parallel lines; parallel planes.
  • (a.) Having the same direction or tendency; running side by side; being in accordance (with); tending to the same result; -- used with to and with.
  • (a.) Continuing a resemblance through many particulars; applicable in all essential parts; like; similar; as, a parallel case; a parallel passage.
  • (n.) A line which, throughout its whole extent, is equidistant from another line; a parallel line, a parallel plane, etc.
  • (n.) Direction conformable to that of another line,
  • (n.) Conformity continued through many particulars or in all essential points; resemblance; similarity.
  • (n.) A comparison made; elaborate tracing of similarity; as, Johnson's parallel between Dryden and Pope.
  • (n.) Anything equal to, or resembling, another in all essential particulars; a counterpart.
  • (n.) One of the imaginary circles on the surface of the earth, parallel to the equator, marking the latitude; also, the corresponding line on a globe or map.
  • (n.) One of a series of long trenches constructed before a besieged fortress, by the besieging force, as a cover for troops supporting the attacking batteries. They are roughly parallel to the line of outer defenses of the fortress.
  • (n.) A character consisting of two parallel vertical lines (thus, ) used in the text to direct attention to a similarly marked note in the margin or at the foot of a page.
  • (v. t.) To place or set so as to be parallel; to place so as to be parallel to, or to conform in direction with, something else.
  • (v. t.) Fig.: To make to conform to something else in character, motive, aim, or the like.
  • (v. t.) To equal; to match; to correspond to.
  • (v. t.) To produce or adduce as a parallel.
  • (v. i.) To be parallel; to correspond; to be like.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) When the data correlating DHT with protein synthesis using both labelling techniques were combined, the curves were parallel and a strong correlation was noted between DHT and protein synthesis over a wide range of values (P less than 0.001).
  • (2) The time-course and dose-response for this modification of pp60c-src paralleled PDGF-induced increases in phosphorylation of pp36, a major cellular substrate for several tyrosine-specific protein kinases.
  • (3) We present a mathematical model that is suitable to reconcile this apparent contradiction in the interpretation of the epidemiological data: the observed parallel time series for the spread of AIDS in groups with different risk of infection can be realized by computer simulation, if one assumes that the outbreak of full-blown AIDS only occurs if HIV and a certain infectious coagent (cofactor) CO are present.
  • (4) There was no correlation between serum LH and chronological or bone age in this age group, which suggests that the correlation found is not due to age-related parallel phenomena.
  • (5) The cyclical nature of pyromania has parallels in cycles of reform in standards of civil commitment (Livermore, Malmquist & Meehl, 1958; Dershowitz, 1974), in the use of physical therapies and medications (Tourney, 1967; Mora, 1974), in treatment of the chronically mentally ill (Deutsch, 1949; Morrissey & Goldman, 1984), and in institutional practices (Treffert, 1967; Morrissey, Goldman & Klerman (1980).
  • (6) Stimulation of parallel fibers or iontophoresis of acetylcholine excited P cells.
  • (7) Label was found widely distributed among all the organs except the nervous system and its rate of disappearance from the tissues paralleled its disappearance from the circulation.
  • (8) The bundles may lie parallel to the plasma membrane and to the long axis of the cell.
  • (9) Alterations in DNA synthesis induced by a single dose of cyclophosphamide in normal and tumorous tissues in vivo paralleled in many respects the changes seen when the more time-consuming techniques of the LI or granulocyte colony formation were employed.
  • (10) Dose distributions were evaluated under thin sheet lead used as surface bolus for 4- and 10-MV photons and 6- and 9-MeV electrons using a parallel-plate ion chamber and film.
  • (11) The influences of the inhibitor(s) for both tumours and in both culture systems were parallel.
  • (12) Parallel studies in vivo were carried out to determine the contribution of the phosphatidylserine decarboxylase pathway, relative to pathways utilizing ethanolamine directly, to the synthesis of brain ethanolamine glycerophospholipids.
  • (13) Plasma renin activities (PRA) and aldosterone concentrations increased in parallel over a wide range of plasma volume deficits produced in unanesthetized rats by extravascular administration of polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution.
  • (14) Combined study of lungs of 85 foetuses and newborns of various gestational age and 8 newborns dying during the first month of life showed the lung surfactant (LS) system to develop in parallel with formation of respiratory parts and lung capillary network.
  • (15) Ordering of these filaments into a parallel array is the basis of birefringence in the A region, and loss of birefringence is therefore a measure of decreased order.
  • (16) Comparing the regression lines of HR-QT and HR-QS2 separately for both groups, we found that both intervals decreased in parallel and the mean QT remained shorter than QS2 in both groups during exercise.
  • (17) Parallel changes in free T4 and the free T4 index indicate adequacy of the index in representing pineal-induced changes in free T4.
  • (18) In the course of its history, psychiatry has grown richer parallel to the development of its spatiotemporal system of the reference.
  • (19) Furthermore, the changes in both interstitial fluid and testicular venous blood levels of testosterone do not always parallel those in peripheral venous blood, suggesting that changes in testicular blood flow and peripheral clearance rates of testosterone may also be important in the control of circulating testosterone concentrations.
  • (20) On the basis of these data, the computer, upon the basis of a program specially developed for this purpose, automatically calculates the corresponding amount of negative-points, which parallels the severity of the joint changes, i.e.

Perpendicular


Definition:

  • (a.) Exactly upright or vertical; pointing to the zenith; at right angles to the plane of the horizon; extending in a right line from any point toward the center of the earth.
  • (a.) At right angles to a given line or surface; as, the line ad is perpendicular to the line bc.
  • (n.) A line at right angles to the plane of the horizon; a vertical line or direction.
  • (n.) A line or plane falling at right angles on another line or surface, or making equal angles with it on each side.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Our data support the hypothesis that evoked and epileptiform magnetic fields result from intradendritic currents oriented perpendicular to the cortical surface.
  • (2) Right ventricular volumes were determined in 12 patients with different levels of right and left ventricular function by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using an ECG gated multisection technique in planes perpendicular to the diastolic position of the interventricular septum.
  • (3) We attribute the greater strength of the step-cut repair to the additional number of epitendinous loops, which lie perpendicular to the long axis of the tendon.
  • (4) The helix axes, penetrating the hydrophobic region of the bilayers, were oriented neither parallel nor perpendicular to the membrane normal.
  • (5) We show that over a limited range of high spatial frequencies this noise takes on a striated appearance, with the striations running perpendicular to the true fringe orientation.
  • (6) The AFB1 moiety is face-stacked in the major groove with its long axis approximately perpendicular to the helix axis.
  • (7) The two molecules in the asymmetric unit form a dimer with its 2-fold axis perpendicular to and intersecting with a crystallographic 4(1) axis.
  • (8) Interestingly, the helical motif prefers to assemble parallel to the wall, whereas the beta-barrel, predominantly assembles with its principal axis perpendicular to the wall.
  • (9) The numerals were either upright, or inverted, or rotated perpendicular to the arm axis.
  • (10) Parameters measured from simulator films included: (a) the perpendicular distance from the posterior tangential field edge to the posterior part of the anterior chest wall at the center of the field (CLD); (b) the maximum perpendicular distance from the posterior tangential field edge to the posterior part of the anterior chest wall (MLD); and (c) the length of lung (L) as measured at the posterior tangential field edge on the simulator film.
  • (11) Our results suggest that the first stage is much more selective for orientation than are lateral geniculate nucleus cells, but that the first-stage orientation bandwidth is rather wide with some interaction occurring between perpendicular orientations.
  • (12) In slices cut parallel to the pyramidal neurons (perpendicular to the brain surface) one can study chemosensitivity of the various parts of the dendritic tree and the soma.
  • (13) The bands encircle the muscle fiber perpendicular to the long axis of the fiber and they matched the sites of attachment of the sarcomeres to the plasma membrane.
  • (14) Thin section analysis of capped cells revealed an abundance of microtubules immediately beneath the cap which were arranged approximately perpendicular to the plane of the membrane.
  • (15) This procedure allowed both light and electron microscopic examination of serial-step sections of individual cells cut in a plane perpendicular to the monolayer.
  • (16) If a segment of a line differs in luminance or color from the rest of the line, three illusory phenomena may be perceived: a reduction in contrast of the line segment relative to the background, subjective contours running perpendicularly to the ends of the line segment, and spread of color or brightness surrounding the line segment.
  • (17) Typically they lie perpendicular to the cell membrane of the pinealocyte polar process and in close proximity to a polar process of a neighboring cell.
  • (18) The results of the scattering experiments were almost independent of whether the NaDNA fibers were oriented parallel or perpendicular to the momentum transfer.
  • (19) Instruments should be rotated perpendicular to the margin from gold to enamel.
  • (20) The method uses overlapping of Pi1, 3 and 4 in perfect centering of the lens in the axis of the eye (it is assessed by drawing a perpendicular line on the centre of the cornea) and marked dislocation of Pi3 in the direction of decentration of the planoconvex lens with the convexity facing the cornea.