(n.) A reasoning which is false in point of form, that is, which is contrary to logical rules or formulae; a formal fallacy, or pseudo-syllogism, in which the conclusion does not follow from the premises.
Example Sentences:
(1) Explanations of these results have included accelerated evolution in the snake lineage, paralogy rather than orthology, and faulty determination of the sequence, and the rattlesnake is now often omitted from cytochrome c phylogenetic trees.
(2) Analyses of silent and replacement site differences in the two exons of the paralogous and orthologous genes in each species indicate that common selective forces are acting on all five loci.
(3) Moreover, an analysis of paralogous human and mouse beta-tubulin sequences supported the conclusion that the synonymous substitution rates in the mouse were higher than those in the human.
(4) These eight sequences form a family of paralogous homologues.
(5) FV fragments, VH fragments and a paralog peptide that had been derived from a parent antibody with a specificity for hen lysozyme were produced.
(6) This screening resulted in the isolation of full length cDNAs for the chicken homolog of HOX4F (cognate of mouse Hox-4.6), which we have termed GHox-4.6, and the chicken homolog of human HOX1I, which we have named GHox-1i, a paralog of Hox-4.6 in the HOX 1 cluster.
(7) An evolutionary tree analysis revealed paralogous relationships between specific members of the rhesus and human V region families.
(8) Comparisons of nucleotide and amino acid sequences as well as the analysis of the structural organization of murine and human homeo box genes reveal strong paralogous relationships between genes in different clusters.
(9) Identical intron-exon structure and extensive sequence homology of their paired boxes suggest that several Pax genes represent paralogs.
(10) Possible orthologous and paralogous relationships were investigated.
(11) However, this pair of paralogous Alu family repeats is absent at the corresponding positions in rhesus macaques.
(12) The extrapolated date for the origin of the common ancestral small-subunit rRNA (3.6-4.7 x 10(9) years ago) is consistent with major rRNA lineages being paralogous.
(13) In a second phase symptoms were observed such as paralogism, echolalia, verbigeration, circumstantiality, neologism, hypotonic thinking, perseveration, blocking.
(14) We propose a phylogeny of the creatine kinase genes in the lower chordates based on the time of appearance of new CK loci, the sequence in which the loci achieve a tissue restricted expression, and the immunochemical relatedness of the orthologous and paralogous gene products.
(15) Sequence data show that the immunoglobulins evolved from two sets of paralogous genes: a gene set coding for the V regions and another for the different C regions.
(16) The FV column had excellent specificity for hen lysozyme, the VH column had significantly reduced specificity and the paralog peptide column did not bind lysozyme at all.
(17) Southern hybridization analysis showed that the segments are paralogous, not allelic.
(18) The mechanism of character transference through paralogical conclusions required for this shows parallels to the logic schizophrenia.
(19) Models to account for the difference in similarity between the coding genes were tested by orthologous and paralogous comparisons of the extent of sequence divergence.
(20) This report describes the construction of a representative set of paratope analogs, or "paralogs," which can be conjugated to a chromatographic sorbent to combine desirable characteristics of traditional high-performance liquid chromatography columns with the specificity of a moderate affinity antibody.
Syllogism
Definition:
(n.) The regular logical form of every argument, consisting of three propositions, of which the first two are called the premises, and the last, the conclusion. The conclusion necessarily follows from the premises; so that, if these are true, the conclusion must be true, and the argument amounts to demonstration
Example Sentences:
(1) There is no valid practical syllogism, having true premises, whose conclusion is that research with recombinant DNA should be stopped.
(2) If not, he has fallen into that GCSE syllogism: this book is about women; women are feminists; ergo this book is about feminism.
(3) 20 syllogisms were administered, 10 in English and 10 in Spanish, and accuracy of and strategy for solution were examined.
(4) Subjects completed the reasoning measure of 48 syllogisms, and the perceptual measure involving identification of positive, negative, or neutral stimulus words presented tachistoscopically.
(5) They’re laugh lines without thought, unlinked by a program or even syllogism.
(6) "It is in my view a much better vehicle for philosophy than syllogisms and logical constructs," she says.
(7) The wide applicability of reasoning by analogy and by syllogism as complementary strategies is illustrated through their use in a critical review of the editorial page of a daily newspaper, and in linking content material in several domains.
(8) He examines a model syllogism of a medical decision that requires lay involvement, and explores other individual and social roles that laypersons play at all levels of medical decision making Brief summaries of his colleagues' articles conclude the essay.
(9) The sameness in the strategy for forming a generalization from experience is called "reasoning by analogy," while the sameness in the strategy for applying generalizations is described by the syllogism (logical reasoning).
(10) The testimony of most expert witnesses is reducible to a syllogism: The expert derives a relevant opinion (the conclusion) by applying a general theory or technique (the major premise) to the specific facts of the case (the minor premise).
(11) Merkel may be the one European leader who from to time has actually faced Germans and Europeans with the devastating syllogism that Europe has 7% of the world's people, who possess 25% of the world's wealth and award themselves 50% of the world's social spending – with the clear (and surely correct) implication that a globalised economy and the rise of China make this hard to sustain without reform.
(12) Experiments 1 and 2 compared the predictions of these two theories by examining whether the interaction would disappear if only determinate syllogisms were used.
(13) In Experiment 2, for example, subjects were given logical syllogisms during acquisition.
(14) Differences by grade were not significant except a higher proportion of theoretical explanations were given by children in Grade 5 for syllogisms in Spanish.
(15) The selective scrutiny account claims that people focus on the conclusion and only engage in logical processing if this is found to be unbelievable; while the misinterpreted necessity account claims that subjects misunderstand what is meant by logical necessity and respond on the basis of believability when indeterminate syllogisms are presented.
(16) And, as the rest of the politician’s syllogism has it, ruling out a coalition with the SNP was something; therefore, Ed Miliband had to say that .
(17) In experiments 1 and 2 subjects drew their own conclusions from syllogisms that suggested believable or unbelievable ones.