What's the difference between parapodia and pseudopodia?
Parapodia
Definition:
(pl. ) of Parapodium
Example Sentences:
(1) The setae and parapodia of Eurythoe complanata, Chloeia flava and Pherecardia striata were examined using histological and scanning electron microscope techniques.
(2) Sparse fibers were also seen in the body wall, parapodia, and cephalic palps.
(3) Ink and opaline are ejected by a series of coordinated pumping movements of the mantle, gill, and parapodia that closely resemble triggered 'respiratory pumping' or 'Interneuron II' episodes (Kupfermann and Kandel 1969; Byrne and Koester 1978; Hening 1982).
(4) Stretching the parapodia only occasionally caused the A neurons to fire.
(5) Intracellular stimulation of individual neurons in the two symmetrical A neuron clusters of the cerebral ganglion evoked contractions of both the foot and parapodia.
(6) When a weak tactile stimulus is applied to the siphon of Aplysia californica, the animal withdraws the siphon between the parapodia.
(7) Intracellular stimulation of the LGC evoked contractions in the foot and parapodia.
(8) Ink and opaline ejections are directed to the front or back of the animal by characteristic responses of the siphon, mantle, and parapodia.
(9) We describe a group of serotonergic neurons in the pedal ganglia of Aplysia brasiliana and characterize their modulatory effects on the motoneuron input to swimming muscles of the parapodia.
(10) Individual B neurons caused contractions in both the foot and parapodia.
(11) Aplysia brasiliana is a marine mollusk that swims by repeated metachronal flapping movements of its bilateral fleshy parapodia.
(12) Supernumary parapodia which developed at the site of junction of the heterologous faces of host and graft of opposite sexes, might have the characters of either sex; this result can be interpreted by supposing that a supernumary parapodium is derived from tissues of either host or graft, of the corresponding sex.
(13) Each pedal ganglion contains one cluster of large neurons near its dorsomedial surface that fires in phase with opening (downstroke) of the parapodia; these have been designated parapodial opener-phase (POP) cells.
(14) After 50 hr, 28 radiolabeled proteins were reproducibly found by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be transported to the distal regions of peripheral nerves P6, P7, and P8 that innervate the parapodia and middle body wall.
(15) Contractions in the parapodia were independent of those in the foot.
(16) Swimming is an oscillatory locomotor behavior in Aplysia accomplished by rhythmic undulating movements of the parapodia, winglike flaps that cover the dorsum of the body.
(17) Spontaneous patterned bursts of efferent activity occurred irregularly and were associated with all-or-nothing contractions of the parapodia, gill, and siphon.
(18) These data suggest that the motor fields of the A neurons are well defined within the foot or the parapodia.
(19) There are at least 16 distinguishable motor fields in the parapodia, based on the region affected, direction of contraction, and phase of neuronal activity during fictive swimming.
(20) Some of these neurons were excited by stretching the parapodia or touching the tentacles.
Pseudopodia
Definition:
(pl. ) of Pseudopodium
Example Sentences:
(1) Poorly-differentiated tissue produced a more haphazard out-growth of pleomorphic cells with few processes and flattened pseudopodia.
(2) Invaginating mesodermal cells of the lateral and ventral parts also form pseudopodia, and are in contact with the blastocoelic wall.
(3) Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that promastigotes of the invasive species entered fibroblasts flagellum-end first through pseudopodia-like structures formed on the host cell surface, reminiscent of "induced phagocytosis."
(4) Upon contact with the interface, they project numerous lamellipodia and pseudopodia.
(5) When explants of neurofibroma tissue were cultured, macrophage-like cells with pseudopodia migrated out first, and later took on a slender fusiform shape.
(6) A new model for clot contraction is proposed, based on the rigidity of the long spiky pseudopodia and on the motile properties of platelets.
(7) In addition to moderate and severe vacuole, granule, and pseudopodia formation, all contractile activity was inhibited as early as 2 h after exposure to the intermediate concentration of 1 x 10(-4) M amitriptyline.
(8) Ultrastructurally the thyroid epithelial cells show pseudopodia protruding into the lumen at zero, two and six hours after birth.
(9) Other cytoplasmic elements of the myoastrocytes were deeply indented nuclei, endoplasmic reticulum and pseudopodia with large cytoplasm.
(10) They gradually displayed active membrane pseudopodia, thorn-like processes and petal-like ruffles after 2 h to 4 h of cultivation.
(11) This effect was directly related to the development of pseudopodia and may reflect alteration of surface features of the rod outer segment (ROS)-RPE interface related to phagocytosis.
(12) Electron microscopic analysis of livers at reflow revealed Kupffer cells with numerous pseudopodia and lamellapodia, reflecting an activated state.
(13) Whereas the intramembranous particle number in glial pseudopodia is only slightly lower than in their perikaryal plasmalemma, the number of particles in outgrowing axons increases about eightfold from the periphery towards the perikaryon.
(14) alpha-tocopherol-enriched platelets that adhered to adhesive surfaces failed to show the usual long thin pseudopodia but exhibited short, rounded, blunt projections.
(15) Under unfavorable conditions for growth, haploid myxoamoebae of Physarum polycephalum retracted their pseudopodia and changed their cell shape into disk-like form, after which they constructed the cell walls to form microcysts.
(16) This inhibition is accompanied by a cessation of the movement of ruffles and pseudopodia on the surface of the cells and the formation of blebs which arise from the cell's surface.
(17) Pseudopodia counts were made on electron micrographs, and calculated as a percentage of the NSG population.
(18) Calcium triggers the actin-myosin interaction and the developing force, possibly together with a local increase of the cation concentration, may cause the collapse of the microtubular ring and its reappearance in the forming long pseudopodia.
(19) The entire cell surface arrears to be capable of fusion since fusion occurs in regions where pseudopodia make contact with each other or with a neighbouring cell body and also in areas where cells are in contact along their entire periphery.
(20) Amoebae were seen in the process of detaching portions of cytoplasm from whole ME cells by means of distinctive ingesting pseudopodia, and fragments of mammalian-cell cytoplasm were identified within the food vacuoles of trophozoites.