(n.) One who frequents the tables of the rich, or who lives at another's expense, and earns his welcome by flattery; a hanger-on; a toady; a sycophant.
(n.) A plant obtaining nourishment immediately from other plants to which it attaches itself, and whose juices it absorbs; -- sometimes, but erroneously, called epiphyte.
(n.) A plant living on or within an animal, and supported at its expense, as many species of fungi of the genus Torrubia.
(n.) An animal which lives during the whole or part of its existence on or in the body of some other animal, feeding upon its food, blood, or tissues, as lice, tapeworms, etc.
(n.) An animal which steals the food of another, as the parasitic jager.
(n.) An animal which habitually uses the nest of another, as the cowbird and the European cuckoo.
Example Sentences:
(1) The rise of malaria despite of control measures involves several factors: the house spraying is no more accepted by a large percentage of house holders and the alternative larviciding has only a limited efficacy; the houses of American Indians have no walls to be sprayed; there is a continuous introduction of parasites by migrants.
(2) However, ticks, which failed to finish their feeding and represent a disproportionately great part of the whole parasite's population, die together with them and the parasitic system quickly restores its stability.
(3) One thousand nineteen Wyoming ground squirrels (Spermophilus elegans elegans) from 4 populations in southern Wyoming were examined for intestinal parasites.
(4) Ten or 4% of the administered parasites passed in the feces during the 3 days following the first or second infection, but 32% after the third infection.
(5) However, the degree of inhibition of parasite replication after exposure to rMu-GM-CSF was not as great as after treatment with rMu-IFN-gamma, and much more rMu-GM-CSF than rMu-IFN-gamma was required to achieve an equivalent antimicrobial effect.
(6) Filipin-induced lesions in glutaraldehyde-fixed parasites indicated higher levels of beta-hydroxysterols in the amastigote than in the promastigote plasma membrane, and in the promastigote flagellar membrane than in the body membrane.
(7) The propionyl-CoA condensing enzyme which catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of 2-methylbutyrate and 2-methylvalerate by Ascaris muscle appears to exist in at least three forms in the mitochondria of this parasitic nematode.
(8) The time to recovery of full consciousness, time to parasite clearance, and mortality were examined with Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis.
(9) In addition, a redistribution of cellular controls of the host reaction to parasites may act as a complementary mechanism for establishment of the viable equilibrium between host and parasite.
(10) symptoms, bowel habits, normal physical examination, absence of intestinal infections or parasites) b) physiopathological evaluation (hyperactivity of the distal colon, hypersensitivity to stimuli, stress), and c) physiological evaluation of the patient.
(11) Parasite antigen was present in sera from all infected animals before treatment.
(12) We have found intrathrombocytic parasites of Plasmodium vivax (in 10% of men naturally infected) and P berghei (in 53% of mice experimentally infected); these were both merozoites and trophozoites.
(13) they are shown to inhibit in vitro the release of iron from acidified host cell cytosol, consisting mostly of hemoglobin, a process that could provide this trace element to the parasite.
(14) Phagocytosis of normal or parasitized red cells was not observed.
(15) A radical rearrangement of the organism occurred gradually: initially oval in shape, the parasite became round, then elongated, flattened, and underwent cytokinesis.
(16) The parasites were highly aggregated within the study community, with most people harbouring low burdens while a few individuals harboured very heavy burdens.
(17) Discovery of this vectorhost-parasite system in the Americas, and the localization of promastigote flagellates (leptomonads) in the hindgut of the vector, should assist in clarifying interpretative problems associated with infection of wild-caught flies in studies on leishmaniasis in the Americas and elsewhere.
(18) At the external wall of the host's gut, parasitic cysts of this nematode with immature stages inside were also observed.
(19) All three parasite lines required sialic acid for optimal invasion, but Thai-2 parasites cultured in Tn erythrocytes invaded neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes with 45% efficiency whereas Camp parasites invaded neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes with less than 10% efficiency.
(20) Pretreatment of G6PD(+) cells with ascorbate caused a slight enhancement in parasite development, while in G6PD(-) cells a suppressive effect on the plasmodia was demonstrated.
Sponge
Definition:
(n.) Any one of numerous species of Spongiae, or Porifera. See Illust. and Note under Spongiae.
(n.) The elastic fibrous skeleton of many species of horny Spongiae (keratosa), used for many purposes, especially the varieties of the genus Spongia. The most valuable sponges are found in the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, and on the coasts of Florida and the West Indies.
(n.) One who lives upon others; a pertinaceous and indolent dependent; a parasite; a sponger.
(n.) Any spongelike substance.
(n.) Dough before it is kneaded and formed into loaves, and after it is converted into a light, spongy mass by the agency of the yeast or leaven.
(n.) Iron from the puddling furnace, in a pasty condition.
(n.) Iron ore, in masses, reduced but not melted or worked.
(n.) A mop for cleaning the bore of a cannon after a discharge. It consists of a cylinder of wood, covered with sheepskin with the wool on, or cloth with a heavy looped nap, and having a handle, or staff.
(n.) The extremity, or point, of a horseshoe, answering to the heel.
(v. t.) To cleanse or wipe with a sponge; as, to sponge a slate or a cannon; to wet with a sponge; as, to sponge cloth.
(v. t.) To wipe out with a sponge, as letters or writing; to efface; to destroy all trace of.
(v. t.) Fig.: To deprive of something by imposition.
(v. t.) Fig.: To get by imposition or mean arts without cost; as, to sponge a breakfast.
(v. i.) To suck in, or imbile, as a sponge.
(v. i.) Fig.: To gain by mean arts, by intrusion, or hanging on; as, an idler sponges on his neighbor.
(v. i.) To be converted, as dough, into a light, spongy mass by the agency of yeast, or leaven.
Example Sentences:
(1) The popularly used procedure in Great Britain is that in which a sheet of Ivalon sponge is sutured to the sacrum and wrapped around the rectum thus anchoring it in place.
(2) Similar sponges were reintroduced into four ewes at each of the intervals 1, 3, 5, and 7 days later; three ewes served as controls.
(3) After washing for 7 days and freeze drying the resultant collagen sponge was tested with regard to mechanical, physical, enzymatic degradation properties and biological responses.
(4) The substance benzalconium chloride (BZC) was contained in vaginal sponges (n = 46), pessaries (n = 4) and cream (n = 6) at a dose rate of 1.18%.
(5) Depending on depth regions from which the sponges were collected, differences in occurrence of metabolites were observed.
(6) Turn the sponge out onto the paper, then carefully peel off the lining paper.
(7) The concentrations of NaB3H4-reducible collagen cross-links were determined at the time when collagen fibres and bundles are observed in electron micrographs of connective tissue developing around the implanted Ivalon sponge in adult male rats.
(8) Nonetheless, these donor-reactive CTL rarely constitute more than 0.5% of the T cells recovered from sponge allografts, even at the peak of the rejection response.
(9) Attention is given to the poor design of a disposable cellulose sponge that results in frequent hooking of sutures during microsurgical procedures.
(10) The effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on granulation-tissue formation and collagen-gene expression were studied in experimental sponge-induced granulomas in rats.
(11) In spite of the growing variety of materials being used in the manufacture of intraabdominal packs (sponges), no data have been published on their adhesion-producing properties.
(12) Of the 19 women, 4 of 6 sponge users (66%) developed a bacterial vaginosis recurrence (RR 2.93, 95% CI: 1.43-6.02).
(13) Explants of a human sacral chordoma were successfully maintained on collagen-coated coverslips, gelfoam sponge matrices, and Millipore filter platforms for up to 30 days.
(14) A fraction prepared from normal human plasma inhibits the migration of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leucocytes into inflammatory exudates produced by the intrapleural injection of carrageeman or turpentine by the subcutaneous implantation of polyvinyl sponges in the rat.
(15) These sponges were dissociated both mechanically, which leaves the factor on the cell surface, and by Humphrey's (1963) method, which isolates the factor from the cells.
(16) Five new 20,24-bishomoscalarane sesterterpenes, phyllactones A [1], B [2], C [3], D [4], and E [5], are reported from the sponge Phyllospongia foliascens collected in the waters of the Nansha Islands in the South China Sea.
(17) To determine if alloantigen-induced .N = O production might be operative in vivo, cells that had infiltrated a rat sponge matrix allograft were tested for de novo .N = O production as well as .N = O production upon restimulation with the sensitizing alloantigen.
(18) The fine structure of four glioblastomas and two cerebellar astrocytomas maintained in organ culture systems up to 137 days and 43 days, respectively, using either a three-dimensional sponge foam matrix technic or a Millipore filter platform technic, is described and compared.
(19) The intensity-measuring device in both apparatuses has a mobile disk attached to a motionless axis by a spiral spring; the clamps have fixing screws in the butts of a spong.
(20) Initially, 4-5 days post-operative, the plasma clot maintained the grafted cells in a loose sponge-like sack at the site of implantation.