(n.) A word, phrase, or sentence, by way of comment or explanation, inserted in, or attached to, a sentence which would be grammatically complete without it. It is usually inclosed within curved lines (see def. 2 below), or dashes.
(n.) One of the curved lines () which inclose a parenthetic word or phrase.
Example Sentences:
(1) in parenthesis) 0.0 (4.0), +1.3 (4.0) and +0.6 (3.2) for the resting metabolic rate, -1.7 (4.0), -2.2 (3.2) and -1.7 (3.7) for arm work and +0.3 (2.0), -1.2 (2.9) and -0.3 (3.2) for leg work.
(2) After the medioeval parenthesis, it fell to Vesalius to give a new impulse to anatomical research.
(3) The enzymes used and, within parenthesis, the number of their cleavage sites on the P2 lg cc DNA molecule were: AvaI(3), BalI(1), BAMI(3), BglII(3), HaeIII (more than 40; only three were mapped), HindIII(0), HpaI(10), KpnI(3), PstI(3), SalI(2) and SmaI(2).
(4) Although a wide range of aminoacyl-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin derivatives (which are used to measure aminopeptidase activity) were hydrolysed by normal human cortical soluble extract, fractionation of the latter via anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography resolved only 4 separable aminopeptidase types (activity relative to alanyl aminopeptidase in parenthesis): alanyl (EC 3.4.11.14, 100%); arginyl (2 isoenzymes, EC 3.4.11.6, 15%); pyroglutamyl (EC 3.4.19.3, 4%); and leucyl (EC 3.4.11.1, 1%).
(5) Using the parenthesis as target and noise that are either identical or different in orientation, we tested predictions derived from a feature-specific inhibition model (Bjork & Murray, 1977) that explains the NRE as arising from inhibitory interactions among channels handling identical inputs.
(6) The numbers of eggs laid by the 10 specimens of each strain were respectively (viable eggs in parenthesis): 44 (26), 1 (1), 5 (0), 15 (7) and 38 (0).
(7) In PMSG study, the ED50 values per animal and per body weight (kg) in parenthesis were as follows: i. v., 0.8 (30.8); i. p., 2.0 (76.9); s. c., 2.8 (107.7) I. U. for mice, i. v., 3.6 (34.3); i. p., 8.0 (76.2); s. c., 13.2 (125.7) I. U. for syrian hamsters and i. v., 6.0 (76.8); i. p., 20.8 (73.0); s. c., 76.8 (269.5) I. U. for rats, respectively.
(8) Taking cytochromes o and b as standard for comparison, the epimastigotes samples could be grouped as follows (in parenthesis number of passages through the culture medium): 1) stocks with a relatively high content of cytochromes b and o, prevailing the former (stocks Y (116), RA (114), AF, FN, TN and MG (14 y 16); 2) stocks with a relatively low content of both cytochromes: Y (119), AWP and UP; 3) stocks with a low content of cytochrome b, without cytochrome o: CA-I and CA-I (V); 4) stocks without cytochromes: Y(117 and 118) and RA(113).
(9) Scott made sure that many letters supportive of forcible feeding were published, as well as those that were critical, and frequently attached a paragraph, in parenthesis, at the end of any one letter with which he particular disagreed.
(10) When hCG was injected into i. v., i. p. and s. c., the ED50 values per animal and per body weight (kg) in parenthesis were as follows; 0.2 (7.7), 0.3 (11.5) and 0.7 (26.9) I. U. for mice, 1.0 (9.5), 1.8 (17.1) and 2.6 (24.8) I. U. for syrian hamsters and 1.3 (4.6), 3.5 (12.3) and 7.5 (26.3) I. U. for rats, respectively.
(11) The equality or inequality in parenthesis was the relation operator which gave -1 or 0 when the expression was true of false, respectively.
(12) Saturday marks the end of a brief parenthesis in the 27-year-old’s season after a string of one-day races.
(13) What starts as a thesis about managing migration to preserve the welfare state - the fact that the NHS and many other public services owe their existence to mass migration earns an entire parenthesis towards the end - develops into a diatribe about the flaws of ethnic diversity.
(14) In parenthesis: Cameron’s fixation with “security” as a governing theme long predates Corbyn’s election.
(15) An antipathy to doctors seems one of his "preselected feelings", and the narrator takes a parenthesis – "(now where did that come from)" – to acknowledge that there is something behind this.
(16) But for Jewish people to be so quick to be thin-skinned is not good either, and is in danger of seeming coercive.Baddiel’s throwaway parenthesis on Israel’s being “deemed the nutcase pariah-state du jour”, is frankly disreputable, and gives the impression that he is “playing the antisemitism card” with more in mind than the banal misspeakings of a few footballers.
(17) After the definition, a short note in parenthesis: "usage: rare" (and today, too, the spellchecker has red-underlined the word.
(18) Excessive chromosomes in the primary tumors were usually due to extra chromosomes in the following groups (numbers of tumors involved are shown in parenthesis): No.
(19) Instrument differences (Dinamap minus Doppler) for the parallel wrap (95% confidence intervals in parenthesis) were -1.5 mmHg (-3.1, 0.0) and -3.9 mmHg (-5.6, -2.2) for the contour wrap.
(20) The definitions and significant implications of two major theoretical concepts of this meta-theory of cognition, namely structural determinism and objectivity-in-parenthesis, are discussed.
Passage
Definition:
(v. i.) The act of passing; transit from one place to another; movement from point to point; a going by, over, across, or through; as, the passage of a man or a carriage; the passage of a ship or a bird; the passage of light; the passage of fluids through the pores or channels of the body.
(v. i.) Transit by means of conveyance; journey, as by water, carriage, car, or the like; travel; right, liberty, or means, of passing; conveyance.
(v. i.) Price paid for the liberty to pass; fare; as, to pay one's passage.
(v. i.) Removal from life; decease; departure; death.
(v. i.) Way; road; path; channel or course through or by which one passes; way of exit or entrance; way of access or transit. Hence, a common avenue to various apartments in a building; a hall; a corridor.
(v. i.) A continuous course, process, or progress; a connected or continuous series; as, the passage of time.
(v. i.) A separate part of a course, process, or series; an occurrence; an incident; an act or deed.
(v. i.) A particular portion constituting a part of something continuous; esp., a portion of a book, speech, or musical composition; a paragraph; a clause.
(v. i.) Reception; currency.
(v. i.) A pass or en encounter; as, a passage at arms.
(v. i.) A movement or an evacuation of the bowels.
(v. i.) In parliamentary proceedings: (a) The course of a proposition (bill, resolution, etc.) through the several stages of consideration and action; as, during its passage through Congress the bill was amended in both Houses. (b) The advancement of a bill or other proposition from one stage to another by an affirmative vote; esp., the final affirmative action of the body upon a proposition; hence, adoption; enactment; as, the passage of the bill to its third reading was delayed.
Example Sentences:
(1) Release of 51Cr was apparently a function of immune thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) because it was abrogated by prior incubation of spleen cells with anti-thymus antiserum and complement but was undiminished by passage of spleen cells through nylon-wool columns.
(2) Exposure to nanomolar concentrations of saralasin, an Ang II agonist, attenuated the passage of the fluorophores across the monolayers by 50-75%.
(3) Cultured cells from fourth to ninth passage showed positive labelling for S 100 protein, carbonic anydrase (CAA), glutamine synthetase (GS), alpha cristallin (alpha C) and polyclonal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody, but were negative for both monoclonal GFAP antibody and also for Muller cells in the retina.
(4) In the case of the latter, it show either a more or less typical appearance of radicolography only or, more rarely, a picture which combines opacification of the epidural space with the subarachnoid passage of the contrast medium.
(5) After approximately 20 in vitro passages, Chinese hamster kidney (CHK) cell cultures transformed upon exposure to different strains of SV 40 can show a diploid modal chromosome number of 22 with chromosome counts exclusively or essentially in the diploid range (20-25).
(6) In late-passage and cloned HUT102 cells, an increase in HTLV production was concordant with a decrease in constitutive interferon production and the loss of mature T lymphocyte antigens.
(7) A reduction of salmonellae during the passage of the pump and pressure conduit-pipe, combining east- and west-side of Kiel fjord, could be seen.
(8) The resulting cell lines have a stable phenotype and retain the changes which result from transformation even after extended passaging.
(9) Abe’s longstanding efforts toward those goals, which include the successful passage of a state secrets act and efforts to expand the scope of Japan’s military activities have already damaged relations with China.
(10) It is inferred that in this experimental model (1) high-density lipoproteins are probably excreted in the glomerular filtrate, (2) alterations in the composition of the excreted lipoproteins may occur during their passage through the nephron.
(11) We report that kainic acid lesions of the posterior corpus striatum, which preferentially spare fibers of passage while destroying striatopallidal neurons, produce a stimulus-sensitive movement pattern in rats that has a highly specific sensory trigger.
(12) The cells have been maintained through 23 serial passages, and the modal number of chromosomes was calculated to be 55.
(13) The rate of passage of digesta was significantly reduced in both pair-fed control (50 per cent) and infected (74 per cent) groups.
(14) Unlike cells grown on plastic, RME cells grown on type I collagen were readily subculturable and serial subculture resulted in the cells undergoing 15-20 population doublings (5-6 passages) before exhibiting any loss of growth potential.
(15) The major difficulty encountered with the current technique is the danger of neurologic injury during the passage and handling of conventional wires, especially in extensive procedures.
(16) In addition, SPT16 is identical to CDC68, a gene previously shown to be required for passage through the cell cycle control point START.
(17) Selective catheterisation enabled opacification under pressure in more than 80 p. cent of cases, with perfect visualisation of the entire tubes and significant peritoneal passage.
(18) The effects of Urocalun and jumping exercise upon the passage of calculi were studied.
(19) The alterations in the glycosaminoglycans and collagen induced by hypoxia may cause changes in the passage of macromolecules through the aortic wall.
(20) Despite the lack of expression of the endogenous CYP17 gene in transfectants from late-passage cells, induced luciferase activity was higher in late-passage transfectants than early-passage transfectants for both the -2544 and -488 constructs.