(a.) Of or pertaining to pathogeny; producting disease; as, a pathogenic organism; a pathogenic bacterium.
Example Sentences:
(1) These results show that the pathogenic phenotypes of MCF viruses are dissociable from the thymotropic phenotype and depend, at least in part, upon the enhancer sequences.
(2) The causative organisms included viruses, fungi, and bacteria of both high and low pathogenicity.
(3) Evidence is presented in support of the hypothesis that fresh bat guano serves as a means of pathogenic fungi dissemination in caves.
(4) Anaerobes, in particular Bacteroides spp., are the predominant bacteria present in mixed intra-abdominal infections, yet their critical importance in the pathogenicity of these infections is not clearly defined.
(5) Groups of inbred female mice of strains CBA or C3H were infected genitally with a pathogenic human strain of Chlamydia trachomatis (N.I.1, serovar F) known to produce salpingitis and infertility in mice.
(6) The pathogenicity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in atypical pneumonias can be considered confirmed according to the availabile literature; its importance for other inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, particularly for chronic bronchitis, is not yet sufficiently clear.
(7) The indication of the DNA probe method would be considered in the four cases as follows, 1. necessity of the special equipment to isolate the pathogen, 2. necessity of the long period to isolate the pathogen, 3. existence of the cross reaction among the pathogen and relative organisms in the immunological procedure, 4. existence of the difficulty to identify the species of the pathogen by the ordinary procedure.
(8) A large number of recently isolated bacterial pathogens were tested for susceptibility to cephalexin and cephaloglycin by the replica inoculating method.
(9) Twelve strains of the Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF)-Congo group of viruses the Bunyaviridae family were investigated with respect to sensitivity to lipid solvents and temperature, pathogenicity for animals, interactions with cell cultures and antigenic relationships.
(10) Apart from their pathogenic significance, these results may have some interest for the clinical investigation of patients with joint diseases.
(11) Microscopic monitoring of the subgingival microbiota to detect pathogens associated with periodontal diseases has been an active area of investigation.
(12) Immunogenic or pathogenic factors of recombinant proteins (rBCSP20, rBCSP-31, and rBCSP45 of Brucella abortus strain 19) for mice were compared with factors of a proteinase K-treated lipopolysaccharide extracted from B abortus strain 2308.
(13) It was also established that the Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from raw cow milk did not refer to the European serotypes 0:3 and 0:9 that were pathogenic for humans.
(14) The interaction of four pathogenic and three nonpathogenic E. histolytica strains with two human intestinal cell lines (Caco-2 and HT-29) was examined.
(15) The antibacterial effect of lysozyme manufactured in the USSR was studied with respect to 1496 pathogenic strains of different microbial species.
(16) The pathogenic effect of enterotoxogenic E. coli is mainly to be found in the jejunum.
(17) Twelve healthy rabbits, in three similar subgroups, were exposed to pathogenic Escherichia coli and their immune response was studied under different experimental conditions.
(18) In addition to a better understanding of pathogenic mechanisms associated with autoimmunity, the knowledge of these disease-predisposing genes is expected to permit a better classification of often complex syndromes as well as the design of new treatments.
(19) Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most frequently encountered bacterial pathogens in patients with chronic pulmonary infections, including cystic fibrosis and diffuse panbronchiolitis.
(20) Patients treated with ciprofloxacin may need added coverage for anaerobes, but the drug's excellent activity against nosocomial pathogens and its availability in oral form allow for an early change to oral therapy without compromising effectiveness coupled with added savings and convenience.
Transformation
Definition:
(n.) The act of transforming, or the state of being transformed; change of form or condition.
(n.) Any change in an organism which alters its general character and mode of life, as in the development of the germ into the embryo, the egg into the animal, the larva into the insect (metamorphosis), etc.; also, the change which the histological units of a tissue are prone to undergo. See Metamorphosis.
(n.) Change of one from of material into another, as in assimilation; metabolism; metamorphosis.
(n.) The imagined possible or actual change of one metal into another; transmutation.
(n.) A change in disposition, heart, character, or the like; conversion.
(n.) The change, as of an equation or quantity, into another form without altering the value.
Example Sentences:
(1) The promoters of the adenovirus 2 major late gene, the mouse beta-globin gene, the mouse immunoglobulin VH gene and the LTR of the human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type I were tested for their transcription activities in cell-free extracts of four cell lines; HeLa, CESS (Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B cell line), MT-1 (HTLV-I-infected human T cell line without viral protein synthesis), and MT-2 (HTLV-I-infected human T cell line producing viral proteins).
(2) Augmentation of transformation response was generally not seen at 40 degrees C; incubation at that temperature was associated with decreased cellular viability.
(3) The fibrous matrix and cartilage formed within the nonunion site transformed to osteoid and bone with increased vascularity.
(4) These major departmental transformations are being run in isolation from each other.
(5) Transformed mammalian cells express both the usual NADP-dependent trifunctional methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-cyclohydrolase-synthetase as well as the bifunctional NAD-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-cyclohydrolase.
(6) A murine keratinocyte cell line that is resistant to the growth-inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) was examined for differential gene expression patterns that may be related to the mechanism of the loss of TGF beta 1 responsiveness.
(7) The remainder of the radioactivity appeared chromatographically just prior to the bisantrene peak, indicating that compounds more polar than the parent were present as transformation products.
(8) Friend erythroleukemia cells were induced to differentiate by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and hexamethylene-bis-acetamide (HBMA) in order to investigate whether their lipid characteristics, common to other systems of transformed cells, revert to a normal differentiation pattern.
(9) This observation not only provides definitive evidence for the photogeneration of O2-, but also indicates that only a fraction of this species is transformed into H2O2 in the absence of SOD.
(10) Despite this alteration in subcellular distribution, the mutant polypeptide retained the ability to induce fibroblast transformation by several parameters, including the ability to display anchorage-independent growth.
(11) We assumed that the sensory messages received at a given level are transformed by a stochastic process, called Alopex, in a way which maximizes responses in central feature analyzers.
(12) At its vanguard is the historic quarter of Barriera di Milano, which is being transformed by an influx of artists and galleries.
(13) These results suggest that a certain minimum level of expression of c-myc is required for the maintenance of ras transformation in NIH 3T3 cells.
(14) It comes as the museum is transforming itself in the wake of major cuts in its government funding and looking more towards private-sector funding, a move that has caused some unease about its future direction.
(15) In keratinocyte lines immortalized by E7 alone, the p53 half-life was found to be similar to that in non-transformed cells; however, it decreased to approximately 1 h following supertransfection of an E6 gene.
(16) A human Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-cell line (IC.1) was characterized for cell surface antigen profile and permissivity to immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
(17) Cryopreserved autologous blood cells may thus restore some patients with CGL in transformation to chronic-phase disease and so may help to prolong life.
(18) The compounds 1-3 in reaction with nicotine aldehyde or p-chlorobenzaldehyde were transformed into appropriate anilides of 2,3-epoxypropionic acid 4-9.
(19) In this paper sensitive and selective bioassays are described for growth factors acting on substrate-attached cells, in particular members of the epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor beta, platelet-derived growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, and heparin-binding growth factor families.
(20) Elevated, but variable levels of this protein were observed in proliferating normal fibroblasts and transformed cells of fibroblast, epithelial and lymphoid origin.