(n.) Special countenance or support; favor, encouragement, or aid, afforded to a person or a work; as, the patronage of letters; patronage given to an author.
(n.) Business custom.
(n.) Guardianship, as of a saint; tutelary care.
(n.) The right of nomination to political office; also, the offices, contracts, honors, etc., which a public officer may bestow by favor.
(n.) The right of presentation to church or ecclesiastical benefice; advowson.
(v. t.) To act as a patron of; to maintain; to defend.
Example Sentences:
(1) But critics say that bringing the judicial system under political control will do nothing to improve its efficiency, and instead will leave judges dependent on political patronage and subject to political pressure.
(2) Patronage at the airport in the early years would not justify a dedicated rail link.
(3) The primary need of the people is not western-style educational patronage, but an end to the arms trade and multinational looting of resources.
(4) State, regional and municipal public administrations remain politicised and ridden by patronage.
(5) The fall of the general – a man who "kills people easily" claimed one witness – came after his own rebel movement turned against him and he lost the patronage of neighbouring Rwanda .
(6) As the locus of many migrants' investments, the village of Los Pinos has experienced a modest growth in the number of full-time jobs paying somewhat above the minimum urban wage and in a variety of petty entrepreneurial activities depending heavily on the patronage of migrant households, themselves heavily subsidized by remittances.
(7) Zhang has enjoyed the patronage of former president Jiang Zemin.
(8) Suu Kyi's relationship with the generals has reportedly turned sour again In her tireless efforts to secure cooperation from the military, Suu Kyi has repeatedly expressed her appreciation, respect and “genuine” affection for the Tatmadaw (feudal military), which her father founded under Japan’s fascist patronage in December 1942, much to the dismay of many minorities who have borne the brunt of the organisation’s ruthless policies.
(9) Liaqat Baloch, a leader of the Jamaat-e-Islami, a rightwing religious-political party, said: “Malala is a Pakistani student and she is getting a lot of support and patronage abroad.
(10) The proposition was attacked by others who claimed it would save very little from the Whitehall budget while simply weakening ministerial patronage – a great controlling hand over government, particularly in a time of coalition.
(11) At the last major budget meeting in July, politicians of the left and right buried their differences to agree on strengthening a four-year budget that privatised local authority-owned companies (a huge source of patronage and corruption), and ended the stranglehold of the ordini – self-regulating associations that control entry into the law, medicine and other professions.
(12) Despite numerous irregularities ... you have managed to thwart this regime’s congenital traps of fraud.” Bongo, 57, who first won election after his father Omar died in 2009 after 42 years as president, has benefited from the power of incumbency as well as a patronage system lubricated by oil largesse.
(13) It is clear Sayeed appears to operate with a measure of patronage from the Pakistani establishment and the Zardari government recently cleared the purchase of a bulletproof Land Cruiser for him.
(14) He may not be able to cling to his status as the nation's court jester, however, without the BBC's patronage.
(15) The [relief] measures will not affect anyone earning above €1,000 a month.” Patronage politics and vested interests had made it impossible for Greek governments, including prime minister Antonis Samaras’s fragile, two-party alliance, to step back and reform.
(16) The local Turkomen and Yazidi population have additionally formed their own militias under the patronage of local and foreign backers.
(17) However, legislation and rules of provision's patronage are complex and appear misunderstood with themselves who regularly use them in their practice.
(18) Zuma's governing African National Congress (ANC), re-elected in May, has long been dogged by allegations of patronage and cronyism.
(19) As one example of potential situations that Hezbollah fears, the Sunni Muslim Brotherhood, long abused by the Assad dynasty in such acts as the massacre by Hafez-al Assad at Hama in 1982, would be highly reluctant to accept the continued Iranian patronage and guidance that characterises the current Assad-Iran relationship.
(20) In many ways, the election will be a clash of epic proportions, a battle between a long-time president and a new challenger, between Russia and the West, between personal patronage and corporate sponsorship, between old friends turned enemies.
Synonym
Definition:
(n.) One of two or more words (commonly words of the same language) which are equivalents of each other; one of two or more words which have very nearly the same signification, and therefore may often be used interchangeably. See under Synonymous.
Example Sentences:
(1) NNG codons are preferred over the synonymous NNA codons 5' to the positions of lysine in the genes.
(2) Aeromonas caviae is a later and illegitimate synonym of Aeromonas punctata.
(3) It has come to mean the objective description of the symptoms and signs of psychiatric illness, a synonym for clinical psychopathology as opposed to that other psychopathology which derives from psychoanalytic theory.
(4) I've seen DJs in clubs with beards that make them look more like Charles Manson on a scruffy day than the cutting edge of cool, but, apparently, the two are synonymous these days.
(5) Ribosomes programmed by different synonymous codons also differ in discriminating among near-cognate aminoacylated tRNAs.
(6) It is not synonymous, however, with increased intracranial pressure (ICP).
(7) Comparison of the two estimates suggests that during the course of evolution synonymous codon changes have accumulated in the alpha-chain-structural genes.
(8) A key for the determination, synonymes and diagnoses of the metacercariae of the 4 Ichthyocotylurus species are presented.
(9) The show discovered Susan Boyle and Paul Potts, but more recently has become synonymous with dancing dogs (controversially so last year, when it emerged the winner had used a stunt double ).
(10) Follicular mucinosis is not synonymous with alopecia mucinosa but is analogous to other histologic reaction patterns of cutaneous epithelium such as epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, focal acantholytic dyskeratosis, and cornoid lamellation.
(11) The ratio of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the rodent lineage to that in the human lineage since their divergence is 2.0 for synonymous substitutions and 1.3 for nonsynonymous substitutions.
(12) Syrian peace talks break up after making only 'incremental progress' Read more “The child Omran is a victim of Assad’s barrel bombs and not the terrorism of Daesh,” wrote Kutaiba Yassin, a Syrian writer, using a synonym for Islamic State.
(13) Age differences in absolute decision time were greater for the synonyms than for the other word pairs, but the proportional slowing of decision time exhibited by the older adults was constant across word-pair type.
(14) An alternative process leads to the surprising conclusion that each non-synonymous site has accumulated as many as 2.6 substitutions, on the average, in the two lineages leading to humans and mice.
(15) Biocarbazin (DTIC synonym) is an anticancer drug acting as a purine analogue, as an alkylating agent, as a SH-group blocker.
(16) In addition, four synonymous substitutions with no amino-acid replacements were found at codons 51, 119, 163 and 175 in the LDH-A gene from the patient.
(17) "Corticoids" should not be used as a synonym for corticosteroids.
(18) Both the number of synonymous substitutions and the number of nonsynonymous substitutions in the CDR were found to exceed the corresponding numbers in the FR.
(19) Human P1 protein, which is the homolog of the 60- to 65-kD heat shock "common" antigenic protein of numerous pathogenic organisms (synonyms: HSP60, GroEL homolog, or chaperonin), has been expressed to high level in Escherichia coli cells.
(20) The atpB gene differed by two synonymous base substitutions, whereas the other two genes were identical in the two Aegilops cytoplasms.