(n.) A line of ancestors; descent; lineage; genealogy; a register or record of a line of ancestors.
(n.) A record of the lineage or strain of an animal, as of a horse.
Example Sentences:
(1) Pedigree studies have suggested that there may be an inherited predisposition to many apparently nonfamilial colorectal cancers and a genetic model of tumorigenesis in common colorectal cancer has been proposed that includes the activation of dominantly acting oncogenes and the inactivation of growth suppressor genes.
(2) Several pedigrees have been reported in which defects of the insulin gene result in glucose intolerance or diabetes in affected members, but the role of insulin gene mutations in NIDDM is unknown.
(3) Another feature of TWINAN90 is the optional output of a pedigree file which can be read by the quantitative genetics package FISHER.
(4) ESD in conjunction with RB polymorphism would be useful in prenatal and presymptomatic diagnosis, as well as in carrier detection in informative pedigrees.
(5) This paper presents a FORTRAN IV subroutine to calculate inbreeding and kinship coefficients from pedigree information in a diploid population without self-fertilization.
(6) Histologic examination of one patient from each pedigree showed two characteristic findings in corneal epithelium; the previously designated "peculiar substance" in the cells, and the vacuolated homogeneous substance mostly within the cysts.
(7) While Elop has critics who say he did not fix Nokia or much of anything else in his long career in tech, others are likely to point to a pedigree that would also make him the favorite here.
(8) The pedigree analysis provided evidence of both a genetic effect (P less than 0.005) and an effect of increased dietary iron (P less than 0.005) on transferrin saturation and unsaturated iron-binding capacity.
(9) On the other hand, Sillence OI type I segregated with both COL1A1 (17 pedigrees) and COL1A2 (7 pedigrees).
(10) Using 166 pedigrees, reported in nine series available in the literature (including our own), we conclude that balanced insertion cannot entirely explain the familial data, even if we allow for a reduced viability of unbalanced gametes.
(11) To study the genetic influence on serum cholesterol levels and early coronary heart disease, 1,134 individuals were screened from 18 Utah pedigrees.
(12) An informative Dutch pedigree showed that two other linked polymorphic DNA markers, Pi227 and YN5.48, closely flank the FAP locus, one on either side.
(13) Discordant segregation between COL2A1 and the mutant locus was seen in pedigrees with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, autosomal recessive spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda, hypochondroplasia, pseudoachondroplasia, diaphyseal aclasis, and trichorhinophalangeal syndrome.
(14) Samples originated from eight schizophrenics and 27 relatives belonging to a large pedigree, thus ensuring biological homogeneity.
(15) We describe a codon 299 mutation in the glucokinase gene in a British pedigree with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) resulting in a substitution of glycine to arginine.
(16) We have studied five Italian pedigrees segregating schizophrenia using a map of four markers for the chromosomal region 5q11.2-13.3.
(17) Using three markers of chromosome 5, we have studied 28 additional French pedigrees.
(18) The phenotypically and often cytogenetically normal transmitting males in fragile X pedigrees are interpreted not as "nonpenetrant" transmitters of a fully formed fragile X but rather as transmitters of some or all of the factors necessary for TE insertion at Xq27.
(19) The problem has acquired practical importance because of the current international collaboration aimed at constructing a complete human linkage map of DNA markers through the study of three-generation pedigrees.
(20) Linkage analysis with four CMT1A pedigrees mapped the CMT1A gene with respect to two flanking markers (8B10-5 cM[LOD 5.2]-CMT1A-3.5 cM[LOD 5.3]-10E4).
Strain
Definition:
(n.) Race; stock; generation; descent; family.
(n.) Hereditary character, quality, or disposition.
(n.) Rank; a sort.
(a.) To draw with force; to extend with great effort; to stretch; as, to strain a rope; to strain the shrouds of a ship; to strain the cords of a musical instrument.
(a.) To act upon, in any way, so as to cause change of form or volume, as forces on a beam to bend it.
(a.) To exert to the utmost; to ply vigorously.
(a.) To stretch beyond its proper limit; to do violence to, in the matter of intent or meaning; as, to strain the law in order to convict an accused person.
(a.) To injure by drawing, stretching, or the exertion of force; as, the gale strained the timbers of the ship.
(a.) To injure in the muscles or joints by causing to make too strong an effort; to harm by overexertion; to sprain; as, to strain a horse by overloading; to strain the wrist; to strain a muscle.
(a.) To squeeze; to press closely.
(a.) To make uneasy or unnatural; to produce with apparent effort; to force; to constrain.
(a.) To urge with importunity; to press; as, to strain a petition or invitation.
(a.) To press, or cause to pass, through a strainer, as through a screen, a cloth, or some porous substance; to purify, or separate from extraneous or solid matter, by filtration; to filter; as, to strain milk through cloth.
(v. i.) To make violent efforts.
(v. i.) To percolate; to be filtered; as, water straining through a sandy soil.
(n.) The act of straining, or the state of being strained.
(n.) A violent effort; an excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles; as, he lifted the weight with a strain; the strain upon a ship's rigging in a gale; also, the hurt or injury resulting; a sprain.
(n.) A change of form or dimensions of a solid or liquid mass, produced by a stress.
(n.) A portion of music divided off by a double bar; a complete musical period or sentence; a movement, or any rounded subdivision of a movement.
(n.) Any sustained note or movement; a song; a distinct portion of an ode or other poem; also, the pervading note, or burden, of a song, poem, oration, book, etc.; theme; motive; manner; style; also, a course of action or conduct; as, he spoke in a noble strain; there was a strain of woe in his story; a strain of trickery appears in his career.
(1) These variants may serve as useful gene markers in alcohol research involving animal model studies with inbred strains in mice.
(2) None of the strains was found to be positive for cytotoxic enterotoxin in the GM1-ELISA.
(3) They are going to all destinations.” Supplies are running thin and aftershocks have strained nerves in the city.
(4) In contrast, resting cells of strain CHA750 produced five times less IAA in a buffer (pH 6.0) containing 1 mM-L-tryptophan than did resting cells of the wild-type, illustrating the major contribution of TSO to IAA synthesis under these conditions.
(5) We were able to detect genetic recombination between vaccine strains of PRV following in vitro or in vivo coinoculation of 2 strains of PRV.
(6) All of the strains examined were motile and hemolytic and produced lipase and liquid gelatin.
(7) The taxonomic relationship of strains H4-14 and 25a with previously described Xanthobacter strains was studied by numerical classification.
(8) Whereas strain Ga-1 was practically avirulent for mice, strain KL-1 produced death by 21 days in 50% of the mice inoculated.
(9) These results suggest that the pelvic floor is affected by progressive denervation but descent during straining tends to decrease with advancing age.
(10) We also show that the gene of the main capsid protein is expressed from its own promoter in an Escherichia coli strain.
(11) Sequence variation in the gp116 component of cytomegalovirus envelope glycoprotein B was examined in 11 clinical strains and compared with variation in gp55.
(12) By hybridization studies, three plasmids in two forms (open circular and supercoiled) were detected in the strain A24.
(13) In addition, the fact that microheterogeneity may occur without limit in the mannans of the strains suggests that antibodies with unlimited diverse specificities are produced directed against these antigenic varieties as well.
(14) Strains isolated from the environment and staff were not implicated.
(15) The compressive strength of bone is proportional to the square of the apparent density and to the strain rate raised to the 0.06 power.
(16) Escherichia enterotoxigenic strains, Yersinia enterocolitica and Salmonella typhimurium virulent strains, Campylobacter jejuni clinical isolates possess more pronounced capacity for adhesion to enteric cells of Peyer's plaques than to other types of epithelial cells, which may be of importance in the pathogenesis of these infections.
(17) These sequences are also conserved in the same arrangement in minor sequence classes of minicircles from this strain.
(18) The isoelectric points (pI) of E1 and E2 for all VEE strains studied were approx.
(19) One rat strain (TAS) is susceptible to the anticoagulant and lethal effects of warfarin and the other two strains are homozygous for warfarin resistance genes from either wild Welsh (HW) or Scottish (HS) rats.
(20) In these bitches, a strain of E coli identical to the strain in the infected uterus was isolated.