(n.) An unorganized proteolytic ferment or enzyme contained in the secretory glands of the stomach. In the gastric juice it is united with dilute hydrochloric acid (0.2 per cent, approximately) and the two together constitute the active portion of the digestive fluid. It is the active agent in the gastric juice of all animals.
Example Sentences:
(1) Accordingly, when bFGF, complexed to heparin, is treated with pepsin A, an aspartic protease with a broad specificity, only the Leu9-Pro10 peptide bond is cleaved generating the 146-amino acid form.
(2) Digestion is initiated in the gastric region by secretion of acid and pepsin; however, diversity of digestive enzymes is highest in the post-gastric alimentary canal with the greatest proteolytic activity in the spiral valve.
(3) The values obtained are shown to be lower than those calculated for arigid pepsin globule.
(4) This hydrostatic pressure may well be the driving force for creating channels for acid and pepsin to cross the mucus layer covering the mucosal surface.
(5) Binding activity was labile to heat, and to treatment with pepsin or trypsin.
(6) The molecular structure of the hexagonal crystal form of porcine pepsin (EC 3.4.23.1), an aspartic proteinase from the gastric mucosa, has been determined by molecular replacement using the fungal enzyme, penicillopepsin (EC 3.4.23.6), as the search model.
(7) Acid and pepsin output from the denervated pouch in response to pentagastrin and food decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) after parenteral feeding and returned to control levels after the dogs resumed a normal diet.
(8) Antigenic properties of crystalline pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin were studied in 9 rabbits immunised with these enzymes.
(9) The fibrosis of the gastric wall with motility disturbances, and the diminution of acid and pepsin production from damage to the glandular elements, would weigh against the addition of a vagotomy to the drainage procedure.
(10) The antigens were solubilized by treating the tissue samples with the proteolytic enzymes collagenase, trypsin and pepsin.
(11) Rates of digestion were in the order, pepsin approximately equal to trypsin much greater than papain.
(12) Urothelial cells were pepsin-extracted from paraffin-embedded specimens taken from human nontumorous bladder mucosa, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ.
(13) Two main polypeptides, Mr about 27,000 and 21,000, were protected against pepsin proteolysis when a mixture consisting of asolectin vesicles and 125I-labeled tetanus toxin was subjected to a pH drop from 7.2 to 3.0.
(14) This suggests that its antiulcerogenic effect is due to decreases of acid and pepsin outputs which enhance gastric mucosal strength.
(15) The inhibition of pepsin-catalysed hydrolysis of N-acetyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-phenylalanylglycine by products and product analogues was studied.
(16) Small amounts of non-collagenous proteins and glycosaminoglycans of different compositions in dentin and bone resisted extraction before pepsin digestion.
(17) Each of the primary stress selected isolates was tested in synthetic saliva, rumen fluid simulating the activity in the rumen, rumen fluid followed by pepsin-hydrochloric acid treatment simulating the additional effect of ruminal and abomasal activity, pepsin-hydrochloric acid solution simulating conditions in the abomasum and finally in a trypsin solution as an example of enzyme activity in the gut.
(18) The predominant band in pepsin-treated tissues was 60-70 kDa, with additional forms of 250 and 150 kDa in neonatal heart and lung.
(19) Peptide 18 was rapidly cleaved by trypsin, but 19 was reasonably stable to all enzyme degradation systems tested with maximum degradation of 50% by pepsin in 3 h. Both 18 and 19 when given iv to normotensive rats were between 3 and 10 times more potent than captopril in inhibiting an angiotensin I induced blood pressure increase.
(20) Limited pepsin digestion of human plasma albumin at pH 3.5 and 0 degrees in the presence of octanoate caused cleavage at residue 307 of the albumin molecule to yield two fragments.
Trypsin
Definition:
(n.) A proteolytic ferment, or enzyme, present in the pancreatic juice. Unlike the pepsin of the gastric juice, it acts in a neutral or alkaline fluid, and not only converts the albuminous matter of the food into soluble peptones, but also, in part, into leucin and tyrosin.
Example Sentences:
(1) This Mr 20,000 inhibitory activity was acid and heat stable and sensitive to dithiothreitol and trypsin.
(2) Under milder trypsin digestion conditions three resistant fragments were produced from the free protein.
(3) Treatment with trypsin gave essentially one radioactive peptide, the active site peptide, of approximately 2300 molecular weight.
(4) Benzyloxycarbonylarginine p-nitrophenyl ester and other activated esters of N-a-sustituted arginine salts may be useful reagents for introduction of trypsin-labile protecting groups into peptide fragments for purpose of polypeptide semi-synthesis.
(5) Trypsin had no effect on TGase activity when added to the cells 2 h after stimulation with a serum-containing medium.
(6) Amino acid analysis indicated a significant number of serine amino acids: N-terminal sequence data demonstrated a high level of homology; and trypsin digestion followed by reversed-phase HPLC indicated the possibility of multiple phosphorylation sites.
(7) Insulin incubation of plasma membranes pretreated with protease inhibitors (leupeptin, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride) or with exogenous trypsin, but not chymotrypsin substrates (esters of arginine and tyrosine) yields an inactive supernatant on PDH.
(8) Conflicting reports exist on the postprandial response of serum cationic trypsin like immunoreactivity (SCTLI).
(9) The activation of calcium uptake by increasing concentrations of trypsin was paralleled by the reduction of phosphorylation of phospholamban.
(10) In the alpha 2M-thrombin, alpha 2M-plasmin, and alpha 2M-trypsin complexes, approximately 50%, 60%, and 75% of the subunits are cleaved, respectively.
(11) The presence or absence of 1,8-anilinonaphthalenesulfonic acid during labeling caused no change in the peptide maps of either lectin when digested with trypsin.
(12) Binding activity was labile to heat, and to treatment with pepsin or trypsin.
(13) Such gel was analyzed for its degree of substitution, and gels with three different degrees of substitution were used in chromatographic experiments with dextranase, alpha-amylase, lactate dehydrogenase, alpha-chymotrypsin and trypsin.
(14) Affinity-purified human placental ribonuclease inhibitor (PRI) was digested by trypsin.
(15) Gastrin-34-LI in antral extracts could be converted to gastrin-17-LI by trypsin in all species.
(16) Inhibitors of DC clustering, including trypsin, paraformaldehyde, and tunicamycin, abrogated the ability of DC to support antigen presentation and lectin-mediated proliferation.
(17) Optimal myocyte cultures were obtained using serial 0.2% crude trypsin digestions of hearts from 1-2-day-old rats.
(18) Limited trypsin digestion of purified platelet GPIIIa yielded a mixture of two-chain molecules comprised of an N-terminal fragment disulphide-bonded to one of four fragments, which began at residues 299, 303, 353 or 423.
(19) Antigenic properties of crystalline pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin were studied in 9 rabbits immunised with these enzymes.
(20) The cytoplasmic moiety of the inverted EII could be removed with trypsin without effecting the integrity of the liposomal membrane.