(n.) The antecedent of the ferment pepsin. A substance contained in the form of granules in the peptic cells of the gastric glands. It is readily convertible into pepsin. Also called propepsin.
Example Sentences:
(1) The agent present in the serum which causes dissolution of the fibrin clot was isolated and identified as pepsinogen.
(2) Serum pepsinogen 1, serum gastrin, ABO blood groups, secretor status of ABH blood group substances and behavioral factors were studied in 15 patients with duodenal ulcer and 61 their relatives affected and unaffected to duodenal ulcer.
(3) Somatostatin inhibited carbachol- and cholecystokinin octapeptide-induced pepsinogen secretion from dispersed gastric mucosal cells in a dose-dependent manner.
(4) For that reason we determine basal serum pepsinogen I (PG I) levels in 25 ulcerous patients and 75% of their offspring and to a control group matched by age and sex.
(5) The pepsinogens differ in their organic phosphate content, which accounts for their chromatographic separation.
(6) Pepsinogen I was not significantly influenced by glucagon.
(7) The increase of serum pepsinogen levels are probably due to a spillover effect resulting from a blockade in exocrine secretion into the lumen.
(8) Pepsinogen secretion from permeabilized chief cells could be stimulated with increasing concentrations of calcium (300 nM to 10 microM), adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP; 1 microM to 1 mM), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (10 nM to 1 microM), or by addition of carbamylcholine (0.1 mM) to the incubation solution.
(9) Pepsinogen secretion was stimulated by the agonists with an order of potency: acetylcholine greater than or equal to carbachol greater than oxotremorine greater than bethanechol.
(10) Human gastric mucosa contains three immunochemically distinguishable aspartic proteinases, pepsinogen I (pepsinogen A), pepsinogen II (pepsinogen C, progastricsin), and a nonpepsinogen proteinase also termed slow moving proteinase (SMP).
(11) In addition, we examined the relationship between tumor positivity and preoperative serum levels of pepsinogens I and II.
(12) Soluble extracts of gastric mucosa were prepared for estimation of pepsinogen content and [57Co]cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) binding.
(13) A significant association has previously been found between a betazole-induced decrease in serum group I pepsinogen (PG I) levels and a low peak acid output (PAO) in symptomatic patients with vagotomy and gastric resection or a drainage procedure.
(14) The muscarinic receptor system involved in pepsinogen secretion from isolated guinea pig gastric chief cells was investigated by assessing the effect of muscarinic receptor antagonists on carbamylcholine (CCh)-induced pepsinogen secretion.
(15) One of them increases in activity after weaning and is a pepsinogen immunologically related to the pepsinogens of other vertebrates.
(16) The influence of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Acemetacin in depot form on the course of the pepsinogen levels in serum was examined during 14 day therapy.
(17) The content of HCl, pepsinogen, fucose, cAMP and cGMP was measured in gastric juice, that of bicarbonates, amylase, lipase, trypsin, cAMP and cGMP in pancreatic juice.
(18) Northern analysis revealed that the level of expression of genes for type-A pepsinogens and for progastricsin was significant at the fetal stage and increased with development.
(19) MMI-stimulated pepsinogen secretion could be dissociated from the acid secretion by the use of cimetidine and omeprazole which effectively block the acid secretion without affecting the pepsinogen output.
(20) For the native zymogen the rate of this conversion had been shown to be identical to the rate of cleavage of the scissile bond of pepsinogen.
Zymogen
Definition:
(n.) A mother substance, or antecedent, of an enzyme or chemical ferment; -- applied to such substances as, not being themselves actual ferments, may by internal changes give rise to a ferment.
Example Sentences:
(1) The study confirms that secretin influences pancreatic protein secretion and indicates in addition, that pharmacologic doses of the hormone, have the capacity to block acinar cell zymogen granule release.
(2) The data indicate that collagenase is released from the cells in inactive form, as a zymogen.
(3) Thus it can be tentatively suggested that it is prokallikrein A which is secreted into the pancreatic juice and represents the physiologically important zymogen.
(4) The presence of acinar cells with zymogen granules, squamous metaplasia and endocrine components makes the diagnosis.
(5) The cDNA-inferred amino acid sequence of apo[a] indicates that apo[a], like plasminogen and some zymogens, is composed of a kringle domain and a serine protease domain.
(6) When aprotinin was added during the course of the purification, the major species isolated was the zymogen form (28,000 Da) of pump-1.
(7) At very low detergent concentrations, below the critical micelle concentration, the anionic sulfates induce protein aggregation such that phospholipase A2, as well as its zymogen, is present in high molecular weight complexes containing several protein molecules.
(8) We combined these changes with a genetically altered glycoform to generate a zymogen protein C with a 60-fold increased cleavage rate by free alpha-thrombin, independent of its cofactor thrombomodulin.
(9) During autoactivation in a cell-free system, the 55 and 53 kDa zymogens are sequentially converted into the 49, 36, 31 and 25 kDa forms.
(10) Human C'1, a macromolecular complex composed of three subunits, is the zymogen for at least two distinct enzymes.
(11) Combination therapy with E-3123 and CMZ showed significant protective effects against the high mortality rate, increased serum amylase and ascitic fluid amylase levels, pancreatic amylase and lysosomal enzyme content, plasma endotoxin levels, redistribution of lysosomal enzyme from the lysosomal to the zymogen fraction, lysosomal and mitochondrial fragility, and also improved the histological findings when compared with the E-3123 alone.
(12) The circulating zymogen form of thrombin, prothrombin, was converted to proteolytically active thrombin during incubation with ECM.
(13) In the three groups of animals, lipase antigenic sites were detected with high resolution in the acinar cells in the compartments involved in protein secretion: rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and secretory zymogen granules.
(14) The overall identity with other zymogens for gastric proteinases is 27%.
(15) The fusion of granules with plasma membranes was unaffected by variation of the Ca2+ concentration over a wide range, but fusion of granules with both plasma membranes and zymogen granule membranes was stimulated by GTP and, more potently, by guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]).
(16) Notably, zymogen granule dissolution neither preceded nor accompanied this swelling, but developed pari passu with cell degradation.
(17) We found small amounts of lysosomal enzymes colocalized with digestive enzymes within zymogen granules in normal acinar cells and in normal pancreatic juice, suggesting some physiological roles of lysosomal enzymes in pancreatic ducts.
(18) Both tumor cells frequently contained well-developed RER, zymogen-like granules, and annulate lamellae.
(19) For the native zymogen the rate of this conversion had been shown to be identical to the rate of cleavage of the scissile bond of pepsinogen.
(20) Ala-neochymotrypsinogen was activated by incubating with trypsin at a zymogen : trypsin ratio of 30 : 1 in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.6 at 4 degrees C for 1 h. The fully active, stable species was identified as alpha-chymotrypsin.