(prep.) Through; by means of; through the agency of; by; for; for each; as, per annum; per capita, by heads, or according to individuals; per curiam, by the court; per se, by itself, of itself. Per is also sometimes used with English words.
Example Sentences:
(1) Previous use of the drug is found in more than 50 per cent of the patients, and it was often followed by a neglected side-effect.
(2) The proportion of teeth per child with calculus was approximately 8 percent for supragingival and 4 percent for subgingival calculus.
(3) Following central retinal artery ligation, infarction of the retinal ganglion cells was reflected by a 97 per cent reduction in the radioactively labeled protein within the optic nerve.
(4) Increased dietary protein intake led to increased MDA per nephron, increased urinary excretion of MDA, and increased MDA per milligram protein in subtotally nephrectomized animals, and markedly increased the glutathione redox ratio.
(5) In contrast to previous reports, these tumours were more malignant than osteosarcomas and showed a five-year survival rate of only 4-2 per cent.
(6) The results demonstrated that K2PtCl4 was bound to a greater degree than CDDP in this system with 3-5 and 1-2 platinum atoms respectively, bound per transferrin molecule.
(7) The extent of the infectious process was limited, however, because the life span of the cultures was not significantly shortened, the yields of infectious virus per immunofluorescent cell were at all times low, and most infected cells contained only a few well-delineated small masses of antigen, suggestive of an abortive infection.
(8) The data suggest that major differences may exist between ruminants and non-ruminants in the response of liver metabolism both to lactation per se and to the effects of growth hormone and insulin.
(9) Children of smoking mothers had an 18.0 per cent cumulative incidence of post-infancy wheezing through 10 years of age, compared with 16.2 per cent among children of nonsmoking mothers (risk ratio 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.21).
(10) Eighty-two per cent of patients with falciparum malaria had recently returned from Africa whereas 82% with vivax malaria had visited Asia.
(11) Binding data for both ligands to the enzyme yielded nonlinear Scatchard plots that analyze in terms of four negatively cooperative binding sites per enzyme tetramer.
(12) In more than 70 per cent of these, brain injury is the decisive lethal factor.
(13) Given Australia’s number one position as the worst carbon emitter per capita among major western nations it seems hardly surprising that islanders from Fiji, Samoa, Vanuatu and other small island developing states have been turning to Australia with growing exasperation demanding the country demonstrate an appropriate response and responsibility.
(14) High-grade and low-grade candidemia were defined as 25 colony-forming units or more per 10 ml and 10 colony-forming units or fewer per 10 ml of blood, respectively.
(15) The buses recently went up by 50p per journey, but my wages went up with national inflation which was pennies.
(16) Average fluoroscopy time per procedure was 27.8 minutes of which 15.1 minutes were for nephrostomy tube insertion and 12.7 minutes were for calculi extraction.
(17) Socially acceptable urinary control was achieved in 90 per cent of the 139 patients with active devices in place.
(18) In a double-blind, crossover-designed study, 9 male subjects (age range: 18-25 years) received 25 mg orally, four times per day of either S or an identically-appearing placebo (P) 2 d prior to and during HA.
(19) Freshly isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles contain 0.05 mol of tightly bound ADP and 0.03 mol of tightly bound ATP per mol of Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3).
(20) Charge data from the target hospital showed a statistically significant reduction in laboratory charges per patient in the quarter following program initiation (P = 0.02) and no evidence for change in a group of five comparison hospitals.
Ratio
Definition:
(n.) The relation which one quantity or magnitude has to another of the same kind. It is expressed by the quotient of the division of the first by the second; thus, the ratio of 3 to 6 is expressed by / or /; of a to b by a/b; or (less commonly) the second term is made the dividend; as, a:b = b/a.
(n.) Hence, fixed relation of number, quantity, or degree; rate; proportion; as, the ratio of representation in Congress.
Example Sentences:
(1) In some other countries the patient-to-nurse ratio was significantly smaller.
(2) Increased dietary protein intake led to increased MDA per nephron, increased urinary excretion of MDA, and increased MDA per milligram protein in subtotally nephrectomized animals, and markedly increased the glutathione redox ratio.
(3) Children of smoking mothers had an 18.0 per cent cumulative incidence of post-infancy wheezing through 10 years of age, compared with 16.2 per cent among children of nonsmoking mothers (risk ratio 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.21).
(4) In X-irradiated litters, almost invariably, the incidence of anophthalmia was higher in exencephalic than in nonexencephalic embryos and the ratio of these incidences (relative risk) decreased toward 1 with increasing dose.
(5) Fluorination with [18F]acetylhypofluorite yields 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa with 95% radiochemical purity; fluorination of the same substrate with [18F]F2 yields a mixture of all three structural isomers in a ratio of 70:16:14 for 6-, 5-, and 2-fluoro compounds.
(6) A significant correlation was found between the amplitude ratio of the R2 and the sensitivity ratio of the rapid off-response at short and long wavelengths.
(7) In the present study, respirometric quotients, the ratio of oral air volume expended to total volume expended, were obtained using separate but simultaneous productions of oral and nasal airflow.
(8) Twitch-tetanus ratios were calculated and found not to be related to unit contraction time.6.
(9) For each temporal position of the independent noise, discriminability was a function of the ratio of the duration of the independent noise (tau) to the total burst duration.
(10) The estimated DNA compaction ratio (approximately 3-fold) is consistent with a significant degree of nucleosome unfolding in the hyperstimulated BR genes.
(11) This study was designed to examine the effect of the storage configuration of skin and the ratio of tissue-to-storage medium on the viability of skin stored under refrigeration.
(12) The ratios in both groups were also compared with the ratios of a large group of normal subjects evaluated in a population survey.
(13) Employed method of observation gave quantitative information about the influence of odours on ratios of basic predeterminate activities, insect distribution pattern and their tendency to choose zones with an odour.
(14) Men who ever farmed were at slightly elevated risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (odds ratio = 1.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.0-1.5) that was not linked to specific crops or particular animals.
(15) Three effector: target ratios (6.2:1, 25:1, and 50:1) were studied in quadruplicate using 3, 4 and 5-h incubations.
(16) The prevalence of diabetes was 36% higher among San Antonio Mexican Americans than among Mexicans in Mexico City; this difference was highly statistically significant (age- and sex-adjusted prevalence ratio 1.36, P = 0.006).
(17) Cytosolic-to-mitochondrial ratios from maximal initial rates after correction for mitochondrial breakage were increased above controls in diabetic hearts for nucleoside diphosphokinase and aspartate aminotransferase.
(18) The distance of nucleoid sedimentation increased as a function of exposure temperature and exposure time, and was proportional to an increased protein to DNA ratio in the nucleoids.
(19) We have used a modification of the rotating-frame imaging technique to measure PCr-to-ATP ratio non-invasively in human heart.
(20) Odds ratios were computed by multiple logistic regression analysis and revealed no additional relationships; however, there were suggested dose-response gradients for height, weight at age 20, and body surface area in the Japanese women and for breast size in the Caucasian women.