(a.) Exactly upright or vertical; pointing to the zenith; at right angles to the plane of the horizon; extending in a right line from any point toward the center of the earth.
(a.) At right angles to a given line or surface; as, the line ad is perpendicular to the line bc.
(n.) A line at right angles to the plane of the horizon; a vertical line or direction.
(n.) A line or plane falling at right angles on another line or surface, or making equal angles with it on each side.
Example Sentences:
(1) Our data support the hypothesis that evoked and epileptiform magnetic fields result from intradendritic currents oriented perpendicular to the cortical surface.
(2) Right ventricular volumes were determined in 12 patients with different levels of right and left ventricular function by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using an ECG gated multisection technique in planes perpendicular to the diastolic position of the interventricular septum.
(3) We attribute the greater strength of the step-cut repair to the additional number of epitendinous loops, which lie perpendicular to the long axis of the tendon.
(4) The helix axes, penetrating the hydrophobic region of the bilayers, were oriented neither parallel nor perpendicular to the membrane normal.
(5) We show that over a limited range of high spatial frequencies this noise takes on a striated appearance, with the striations running perpendicular to the true fringe orientation.
(6) The AFB1 moiety is face-stacked in the major groove with its long axis approximately perpendicular to the helix axis.
(7) The two molecules in the asymmetric unit form a dimer with its 2-fold axis perpendicular to and intersecting with a crystallographic 4(1) axis.
(8) Interestingly, the helical motif prefers to assemble parallel to the wall, whereas the beta-barrel, predominantly assembles with its principal axis perpendicular to the wall.
(9) The numerals were either upright, or inverted, or rotated perpendicular to the arm axis.
(10) Parameters measured from simulator films included: (a) the perpendicular distance from the posterior tangential field edge to the posterior part of the anterior chest wall at the center of the field (CLD); (b) the maximum perpendicular distance from the posterior tangential field edge to the posterior part of the anterior chest wall (MLD); and (c) the length of lung (L) as measured at the posterior tangential field edge on the simulator film.
(11) Our results suggest that the first stage is much more selective for orientation than are lateral geniculate nucleus cells, but that the first-stage orientation bandwidth is rather wide with some interaction occurring between perpendicular orientations.
(12) In slices cut parallel to the pyramidal neurons (perpendicular to the brain surface) one can study chemosensitivity of the various parts of the dendritic tree and the soma.
(13) The bands encircle the muscle fiber perpendicular to the long axis of the fiber and they matched the sites of attachment of the sarcomeres to the plasma membrane.
(14) Thin section analysis of capped cells revealed an abundance of microtubules immediately beneath the cap which were arranged approximately perpendicular to the plane of the membrane.
(15) This procedure allowed both light and electron microscopic examination of serial-step sections of individual cells cut in a plane perpendicular to the monolayer.
(16) If a segment of a line differs in luminance or color from the rest of the line, three illusory phenomena may be perceived: a reduction in contrast of the line segment relative to the background, subjective contours running perpendicularly to the ends of the line segment, and spread of color or brightness surrounding the line segment.
(17) Typically they lie perpendicular to the cell membrane of the pinealocyte polar process and in close proximity to a polar process of a neighboring cell.
(18) The results of the scattering experiments were almost independent of whether the NaDNA fibers were oriented parallel or perpendicular to the momentum transfer.
(19) Instruments should be rotated perpendicular to the margin from gold to enamel.
(20) The method uses overlapping of Pi1, 3 and 4 in perfect centering of the lens in the axis of the eye (it is assessed by drawing a perpendicular line on the centre of the cornea) and marked dislocation of Pi3 in the direction of decentration of the planoconvex lens with the convexity facing the cornea.
Underlayer
Definition:
(n.) One who, or that which, underlays or is underlaid; a lower layer.
(n.) A perpendicular shaft sunk to cut the lode at any required depth.
Example Sentences:
(1) After about 3 weeks of culture, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-pretreated fetal rat brain cells showed focal proliferation of neural cells on an underlayer of flat, epithelioid cells.
(2) These in vitro findings probably account for the remarkable results obtained in infections which up to now had mortality rates of 30 to 60 per cent, depending on the patient's underlaying condition.
(3) The type I + III collagen underlayer is reorganized when grafted.
(4) On the other hand, the alpha blockers might interfere with the ionic mechanisms underlaying the 4-AP effect thus, masking the removal of the noradrenergic control, due to an alpha blockade.
(5) The stromal underlayer has the typical morphological structure: its cells are compactly packed in the form of a skein with stromal mechanocytes among them.
(6) It is suggested that the motoneuron excitability changes within the interspike interval underlay the relationship between the motoneuron firing rate and effectiveness of the excitatory afferent volley.
(7) We report the anatomical and functional results of 156 myringoplasty; 134 with onlay surgical technique and 22 with underlay technique.
(8) Repair of the tympanic membrane with an underlay connective tissue graft (fascia in 90%) was successful in 97% of the ears.
(9) The small, underlayer scales, which on the flagella are shown to be arranged in 24 rows, number about 350000; larger scales of more complex construction number about 20 000.
(10) On pathological basis (simple, purulent and cholestéatomatous otitis) they used the overlay or the underlay method.
(11) A circus movement with antegrad conduction through the AV node and retograde conduction through an accessory pathway was found as the underlaying mechanism of the tachycardia.
(12) Flat cytoplasmic extensions of squamous cells underlay most of the goblet cell basal pole which therefore had only a small area on the basal lamina.
(13) In arterial walls collagen type III was detected immediately underlaying the endothelial cell layer and in the tissue between tunica elastica interna and adventitia.
(14) After dividing the posterior anulus, the flaps are rotated anteriorly, a maneuver that provides ample exposure of the middle ear and greatly simplifies underlay fascia grafting.
(15) In double soft-agar culture, colony formations of cancer cells in the overlayer were stimulated or inhibited by the presence of various kinds of fibroblast in the underlayer.
(16) Charged £2,339 in September 2005 for supply and fitting of "magnolia cavalier cavalace velvet wool carpet with cloud and cumulus underlay".
(17) These facts do not contradict our previous suggestion that the lipid-protein interactions underlay the regulative action mechanism of the natural bioactive ligands.
(18) The colony-stimulating activity of unfractionated conditioned medium was equivalent to the activity of standard peripheral blood underlayers.
(19) Transmural infarction underlay each case of ruptured ventricular septum, while in ruptured papillary muscle 11 of 20 cases showed subendocardial infarction.
(20) This problem has been solved by the layering of an intermediate D2O solution under the BSA and subsequent removal of the BSA solution and the underlaying with D2O containing glutaraldehyde.