(n.) Rock oil, mineral oil, or natural oil, a dark brown or greenish inflammable liquid, which, at certain points, exists in the upper strata of the earth, from whence it is pumped, or forced by pressure of the gas attending it. It consists of a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the methane series, but may vary much in appearance, composition, and properties. It is refined by distillation, and the products include kerosene, benzine, gasoline, paraffin, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) This paper reviews the epidemiologic studies of petroleum workers published in the English language, focusing on research pertaining to the petroleum industry, rather than the broader petrochemical industry.
(2) Case mothers were more likely to report occupational exposure to metals (odds ratio [OR] = 8.0, P = 0.01), petroleum products (OR = 3.7, P = 0.03), and paints or pigments (OR = 3.7, P = 0.05).
(3) Therefore, the presence on a refinery site of a carcinogen other than petroleum has not been ruled out, and further study is urged.
(4) Onerous new regulations could threaten the shale energy revolution, America’s role as a global energy superpower, and the dramatic reductions in CO2 emissions made possible by an abundant and affordable domestic supply of clean-burning natural gas,” Jack Gerrard, president of the American Petroleum Institute, said in a statement.
(5) In forest, removal of olfactory substances from the human skin, by vigorous washing and application of petroleum jelly, or by wearing impermeable clothing, greatly reduced the numbers of flies attracted.
(6) Likewise, greater occupational exposure to chemicals (paint, petroleum products, and unspecified chemicals) during pregnancy was found for mothers of patients (RR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.2-4.6).
(7) Experimental controlled ecosystems have provided essential information about the fate of petroleum at sea.
(8) A proprietary insecticidal mulesing powder containing diazinon and an experimental liquid dressing based on eucalyptus oil, naphthalene, cresylic acid and chlorfenvinphos in a carrier of liquid hydrocarbons and petroleum oil were compared for their ability to promote wound healing and reduce the incidence of fly strike in freshly mulesed lambs.
(9) Extraction with petroleum ether-chloroform-phenol yielded a protein fraction free of detectable lipopolysaccharide, in which group 3 OMPs (28,500 apparent molecular weight [28.5K], 27.0K, and 25.5K) represented 81% of the total.
(10) Interestingly, however, various fractions--especially those extracted by organic solvents such as petroleum ether, hexane, and chloroform, as well as some purified compounds from these plants--could strongly inhibit the mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), an indirect mutagen, when tested in the presence of S-9 mix but not that of 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide (AF-2), which does not require metabolic activation for its mutagenicity.
(11) BP would need to bring equipment from Texas to contain South Australia oil spill Read more BP plans to drill the first of four exploratory wells off the South Australian coast next year and submitted an environmental plan (pdf) for approval to the National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority last week.
(12) The nature of organic substance appearing in the petroleum stratum is discussed.
(13) In this chapter the authors examine the toxicologic and epidemiologic literature for a broad range of petroleum-derived products in order to assess the carcinogenic potential of these compounds.
(14) Unlike aspiration pneumonitis, which follows petroleum distillate ingestion, chemical pneumonitis from pine oil cleaner may occur from gastrointestinal absorption of pine oil and deposition in lung tissue.
(15) Mutagenicity, polynuclear aromatic compound content, and skin carcinogenicity were compared for a series of complex oil mixtures derived from the refining and processing of petroleum.
(16) Serum samples were extracted with petroleum ether following precipitation of proteins with ethanol.
(17) BP credit rating downgraded after Tony Hayward's grilling by Congress 19 June One of BP's partners, Anadarko Petroleum, refuses to accept any responsibility for the Deepwater Horizon explosion despite owning a quarter of the well.
(18) In the past, the Saudis have encouraged Opec (Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) to reduce its output targets during periods of low oil prices.
(19) We report the case of a child who sustained partial thickness burns from a garlic-petroleum jelly plaster, which had been applied at the direction of a naturopathic physician.
(20) The extraction of carotenes with petroleum ether under the same conditions does not change the electrophoretic mobility of the chlorophyll-protein complexes.
Tetradecane
Definition:
(n.) A light oily hydrocarbon, C14H30, of the marsh-gas series; -- so called from the fourteen carbon atoms in the molecule.
Example Sentences:
(1) This acid was not produced when n-tetradecane served as substrate for growth.
(2) Tetradecane (TD), testosterone (TS), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were separately inuncted on rabbit pinnas once a day; the pinnas were biopsied on days 1, 3, 7, and 28.
(3) In contrast, the more complex hydrocarbon tetradecane preferentially distributes into the center of the bilayer at low concentrations, while at higher concentrations it intercalates between the surfactant chains.
(4) With tetradecanal as substrate an apparent Km value of 0.2 microM was calculated.
(5) Cells grown on n-tridecane or n-tetradecane yielded small amounts of acids homologous to the carbon source, but a similar correlation was not noted for n-decane, n-undecane, or n-dodecane.
(6) Cunninghamella blakesleeana (minus strain) and a Penicillium species were grown in a mineral-salts medium containing either n-tetradecane or 1-tetradecene as substrate, and ether extracts of the mycelial mats were analyzed for oxidation products.
(7) This was evidenced by tentative identifications of the following alcohols and ketones from oxidation of the hydrocarbons: tetradecan-2-ol, dodecan-1-ol, tetradecan-2-one, and tetradecan-4-one from n-tetradecane, and tetradecen-4-ol, 13-tetradecen-4-ol, tetradecen-3-ol, 13-tetradecen-4-one, and tetradecen-3-one from 1-tetradecene.
(8) Among n-alkanes cell yield decreased as chain length increased, except for n-dodecane, which supported less growth than n-tridecane or n-tetradecane.
(9) Time-dependent intermolecular sulphydryl-disulphide interchange involving beta-lactoglobulin adsorbed at the oil-water interface in n-tetradecane-in-water emulsions (10 wt% oil, 0.5 wt% protein, pH 7.0) has been investigated using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
(10) A comparison was made of the effects of repeated topical applications to mice of three n-paraffins (n-decane), n-dodecane, and n-tetradecane) on the carcinogenic potential of UV light at three wavelength regions: 254 nm, 290-320 nm, and greater than 350 nm.
(11) This equation relates the activity coefficient of the hydrophobic portion of the molecule to the product of its surface area and its interfacial tension [free energy per unit area of a hydrocarbon (tetradecane) against the polar or semipolar solvent of interest].
(12) 15-(p-Iodophenyl) pentadecanoic acid labelled with carbon-14 in the carboxyl group is obtained with good yields in five steps from [14C]NaCN, starting from 14-bromo 1-phenyl tetradecane 2.
(13) Neutral lipid, phospholipid, and cell residue fatty acids were qualitatively and quantitatively determined for M. cerificans grown on nutrient broth, tetradecane (C(14)), pentadecane (C(15)), hexadecane (C(16)), and heptadecane (C(17)), respectively.
(14) The cultures belonging to 7 genera and 13 species did not grow on liquid paraffins and tetradecane.
(15) In the presence of a surfactant that does not ligate Mg, chlorophyll is adsorbed to polyethylene particles swollen with tetradecane principally as the infrared-absorbing, highly polymeric species Chl 740.
(16) Candida tropicalis synthesizes a hydroxylase (3 to 5 nmol of product formed per minute per milligram of protein) and a cytochrome P-450 (0.10 to 0.13 nmol per milligram of protein) during growth on n-tetradecane.
(17) Mass spectral examination of this pigment revealed the presence of embelin and its five homologues, of which three homologues possessing dodecane, tetradecane and hexadecane respectively in the alkyl side chain have not been reported so far.
(18) Dodecane was found to be non-irritating, while tridecane elicited a response only at 96 h. Tetradecane was the strongest irritant with significant increases (p less than 0.05) in ear thickness observed at 48 h. Hexadecane, octadecane, and eicosane exhibited progressively decreasing activity.
(19) To investigate the pathologic changes of sebaceous glands during comedo formation induced by topically applied substances in a rabbit pinna model, purified tetradecane was inuncted on the ventral aspect of the rabbit pinnas once a day for a week.
(20) The measurements were made at a planar interface between n-tetradecane and various protein solutions (10(-3) wt% of each protein, pH 7, 25 degrees C) using a Couette-type torsion-wire surface viscometer operating at very low shear-rate.