(n.) A leucocyte which plays a part in retrogressive processes by taking up (eating), in the form of fine granules, the parts to be removed.
Example Sentences:
(1) The hypothesis that proteins are critical targets in free radical mediated cytolysis was tested using U937 mononuclear phagocytes as targets and iron together with hydrogen peroxide to generate radicals.
(2) Tumour necrosis factor (TNF), a polypeptide produced by mononuclear phagocytes, has been implicated as an important mediator of inflammatory processes and of clinical manifestations in acute infectious diseases.
(3) A re-examination of the literature indicates that many phagocytes previously unidentified or considered to be microglial cells are probably beta astrocytes.
(4) Organ distribution of the 99mTc-S-colloid showed marked phagocytic activity of the liver in all age groups including the newborn period.
(5) Mononuclear phagocytic cells from patients with either principal form of leprosy functioned similarly to normal monocytes in phagocytosis while their fungicidal activity for C. pseudotropicalis was statistically significantly altered and was more evident in the lepromatous than in the tuberculoid type.
(6) Furthermore, the expression of the 'mature' markers was found to be correlated with the phagocytic capacity of the cells.
(7) The organisms were predominantly associated with host deposits of erythrocytes, phagocytes, platelets, and fibrinous-appearing material, which collectively appeared on the valve surface in response to trauma.
(8) Changes in protein phosphorylation induced by phagocytic challenge were identified in cultured rat retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) following exposure to isolated rat rod outer segments (ROS) or to polystyrene latex microspheres (PSL).
(9) The percentages of bacteria phagocytized and intracellularly killed by macrophages rose to 60-80% and 85-95% respectively when the doubling time was longer, showing that S. mutans is particularly sensitive to nonspecific immune defence mechanisms when cultured under conditions similar to those of its natural ecosystem.
(10) However, when these latter functions were assessed in the presence of a phagocytic stimulus, clofazimine moderately increased both lysozyme release and HMPS activity.
(11) Phagocytic index and plasma opsonic activity were decreased in animals reinfused at 0, 30, or 120 minutes following a 3% body weight hemorrhage and in animals reinfused 0, 30, and 90 minutes following hemorrhage to a blood pressure of 40 mm Hg.
(12) No significant difference was found regarding phagocytic ability.
(13) One-hundred spleens from HIV-infected patients which were studied by conventional morphological and immunohistochemical methods exhibited alterations in lymphatic tissue as well as in the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS); these were probably related directly to HIV infection of lymphocytes and MPS cells.
(14) and liposomes without antibiotic did not enhance intraphagocytic killing of B. abortus in bovine phagocytes.
(15) The most striking change in the host tissue after 7-8 h of penicillin therapy was an elimination of treponemes by penetrating phagocytes.
(16) This indicates that the heterogeneity of the macrophage populations did not change and that the overall populations were activated with respect to phagocytic ability.
(17) Rapid techniques were applied to study functional activity of peripheral blood phagocytes in acute sick patients and upon discharge.
(18) Human mononuclear phagocytes cultured in vitro were tested after preincubation with uremic plasma dialyzed in vitro and the effects of pre and post hemodialysis plasma were compared with the effect of dialyzates equilibrated with uremic plasma in vivo.
(19) Functional characteristics such as nitroblue-tetrazolium reduction, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase activity, and phagocytic capability occurred.
(20) The DIF was purified by monitoring the induction of phagocytic activity of mouse myeloblastic leukemia cells (M1).
Pseudopod
Definition:
(n.) Any protoplasmic filament or irregular process projecting from any unicellular organism, or from any animal or plant call.
(n.) A rhizopod.
Example Sentences:
(1) Under conditions of chemotaxis with activated serum beneath the filter, the neutrophil population oriented at the filter surface with nuclei located away from the stimulus, centrioles and associated radial array of microtubules beneath the nuclei, and microfilament-rich pseudopods penetrating the filter pores.
(2) In the latter case, the movement of lectin-receptor complexes occurs from membrane overlying peripheral microtubules into filament-rich pseudopods that exclude microtubules.
(3) The morphology of human leukocytes, the biochemistry of actin polymerization, and the theory of continuum mechanics are used to model the pseudopod protrusion process of leukocytes.
(4) In an activated serum gradient, colchicines, but not lumicolchicine, decreased the orientation of nuclei and centrioles, and caused a decrease in centriole-associated microtubules in concentrations as low as 10(-8) to 10(-7) M. These colchicines effects were associated with the rounding of cells and impairment of pseudopod formation.
(5) In the electron microscope administration of TSH was seen to induce well-known signs of endocytosis, such as formation of pseudopods and colloid droplets.
(6) In addition, some lymphocytes with pseudopods were detected both in alveolar lumen and in the interstitium.
(7) Sections at this region of high membrane turnover reveal a band of densely packed smooth vesicles with round and tubular profiles, some of which are associated with the pseudopod plasma membrane.
(8) The F-actin assembled by 60 sec is localized in these new pseudopods.
(9) The presence of the multivesicular body in the pseudopod or in the vicinity of the pseudopod of the lymphocyte may contribute to the migration.
(10) The ultrastructural studies suggest that the major Tg-induced changes (pseudopod formation and granule centralization) are consistent with a primary role for Tg to mobilize calcium; DPPE had very little effect on these ultrastructural changes.
(11) The secretion of thyroid hormones under the influence of pituitary thyrotrophin (TSH) from stores in the luminal colloid is initiated by elongation of microvilli and formation of pseudopods.
(12) The second stage of actin assembly, which peaks at 60 sec following an upshift in cAMP concentration, is temporally correlated with the growth of new pseudopods.
(13) (8) The development of platelet constriction, platelet pseudopods and the intracellular microfilaments are delayed in colchicinized clots, corresponding to the retardation of retraction.
(14) Bound CGP-ABY was cleared first from the tips of the projections and subsequently from the entire pseudopod surface.
(15) The actin-binding protein ABP-120 has been proposed to play a role in cross-linking F-actin filaments during pseudopod formation in motile Dictyostelium amebas.
(16) The formation of pseudopods is impaired and no microtubules are found in platelets in the presence of colchicine.
(17) When motility was compared between sublines, membrane ruffling and cellular translation were relatively unaffected by substrate, whereas pseudopodal extension was altered significantly by different substrates.
(18) After correcting for effects of pseudopods and platelet size on platelet diffusion and sedimentation, it still appeared that the small number of long pseudopods formed on human platelets could largely explain the unusually large alpha B values.
(19) No such changes were observed in non-sensitized M. In contrast, when immunosuppressants or immunomodulators were used, increases of pseudopod movement and pinocytosis, and excitation of cytoplasmic movement, were observed in both sensitized and non-sensitized M if compounds were cytotoxic.
(20) From the enlarged apical plasma membrane, pseudopods are formed.