(n.) A leucocyte which plays a part in retrogressive processes by taking up (eating), in the form of fine granules, the parts to be removed.
Example Sentences:
(1) The hypothesis that proteins are critical targets in free radical mediated cytolysis was tested using U937 mononuclear phagocytes as targets and iron together with hydrogen peroxide to generate radicals.
(2) Tumour necrosis factor (TNF), a polypeptide produced by mononuclear phagocytes, has been implicated as an important mediator of inflammatory processes and of clinical manifestations in acute infectious diseases.
(3) A re-examination of the literature indicates that many phagocytes previously unidentified or considered to be microglial cells are probably beta astrocytes.
(4) Organ distribution of the 99mTc-S-colloid showed marked phagocytic activity of the liver in all age groups including the newborn period.
(5) Mononuclear phagocytic cells from patients with either principal form of leprosy functioned similarly to normal monocytes in phagocytosis while their fungicidal activity for C. pseudotropicalis was statistically significantly altered and was more evident in the lepromatous than in the tuberculoid type.
(6) Furthermore, the expression of the 'mature' markers was found to be correlated with the phagocytic capacity of the cells.
(7) The organisms were predominantly associated with host deposits of erythrocytes, phagocytes, platelets, and fibrinous-appearing material, which collectively appeared on the valve surface in response to trauma.
(8) Changes in protein phosphorylation induced by phagocytic challenge were identified in cultured rat retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) following exposure to isolated rat rod outer segments (ROS) or to polystyrene latex microspheres (PSL).
(9) The percentages of bacteria phagocytized and intracellularly killed by macrophages rose to 60-80% and 85-95% respectively when the doubling time was longer, showing that S. mutans is particularly sensitive to nonspecific immune defence mechanisms when cultured under conditions similar to those of its natural ecosystem.
(10) However, when these latter functions were assessed in the presence of a phagocytic stimulus, clofazimine moderately increased both lysozyme release and HMPS activity.
(11) Phagocytic index and plasma opsonic activity were decreased in animals reinfused at 0, 30, or 120 minutes following a 3% body weight hemorrhage and in animals reinfused 0, 30, and 90 minutes following hemorrhage to a blood pressure of 40 mm Hg.
(12) No significant difference was found regarding phagocytic ability.
(13) One-hundred spleens from HIV-infected patients which were studied by conventional morphological and immunohistochemical methods exhibited alterations in lymphatic tissue as well as in the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS); these were probably related directly to HIV infection of lymphocytes and MPS cells.
(14) and liposomes without antibiotic did not enhance intraphagocytic killing of B. abortus in bovine phagocytes.
(15) The most striking change in the host tissue after 7-8 h of penicillin therapy was an elimination of treponemes by penetrating phagocytes.
(16) This indicates that the heterogeneity of the macrophage populations did not change and that the overall populations were activated with respect to phagocytic ability.
(17) Rapid techniques were applied to study functional activity of peripheral blood phagocytes in acute sick patients and upon discharge.
(18) Human mononuclear phagocytes cultured in vitro were tested after preincubation with uremic plasma dialyzed in vitro and the effects of pre and post hemodialysis plasma were compared with the effect of dialyzates equilibrated with uremic plasma in vivo.
(19) Functional characteristics such as nitroblue-tetrazolium reduction, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase activity, and phagocytic capability occurred.
(20) The DIF was purified by monitoring the induction of phagocytic activity of mouse myeloblastic leukemia cells (M1).
Virus
Definition:
(v. i.) Contagious or poisonous matter, as of specific ulcers, the bite of snakes, etc.; -- applied to organic poisons.
(v. i.) The special contagion, inappreciable to the senses and acting in exceedingly minute quantities, by which a disease is introduced into the organism and maintained there.
(v. i.) Fig.: Any morbid corrupting quality in intellectual or moral conditions; something that poisons the mind or the soul; as, the virus of obscene books.
Example Sentences:
(1) Herpesviruses such as EBV, HSV, and human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) have a marked tropism for cells of the immune system and therefore infection by these viruses may result in alterations of immune functions, leading at times to a state of immunosuppression.
(2) These results show that the pathogenic phenotypes of MCF viruses are dissociable from the thymotropic phenotype and depend, at least in part, upon the enhancer sequences.
(3) It is quite interesting to analyse which gene of the virus determines the characteristics of the virus.
(4) The extent of the infectious process was limited, however, because the life span of the cultures was not significantly shortened, the yields of infectious virus per immunofluorescent cell were at all times low, and most infected cells contained only a few well-delineated small masses of antigen, suggestive of an abortive infection.
(5) The promoters of the adenovirus 2 major late gene, the mouse beta-globin gene, the mouse immunoglobulin VH gene and the LTR of the human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type I were tested for their transcription activities in cell-free extracts of four cell lines; HeLa, CESS (Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B cell line), MT-1 (HTLV-I-infected human T cell line without viral protein synthesis), and MT-2 (HTLV-I-infected human T cell line producing viral proteins).
(6) It was also able to inhibit the binding both of alpha-bungarotoxin and rabies virus glycoprotein to the acetylcholine receptor.
(7) Subtypes of HBs Ag are already of great use in the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infections; yet they may have additional significance.
(8) PMN were found to be nonpermissive for HSV replication and were unable to bind virus in the absence of antibody.
(9) Analysis revealed some significant differences in the false-positive rate, depending on the test method used or virus samples evaluated.
(10) The transported pIgA was functional, as evidenced by its ability to bind to virus in an ELISA assay and to protect nonimmune mice against intranasal infection with H1N1 but not H3N2 influenza virus.
(11) The p60v-src protein encoded by Prague Rous sarcoma virus was found to contain two sites of tyrosine phosphorylation.
(12) Other research has indicated that placing gossypol in the vagina does inhibit the effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection, however.
(13) The causative organisms included viruses, fungi, and bacteria of both high and low pathogenicity.
(14) The antiproliferative activity of IFN was studied using the parental L cell line, a tk- derivative, and a tk- (tk+) subline into which the tk gene of herpes simplex virus was introduced.
(15) It could be demonstrated by radioimmune precipitation of virus labeled with[35S]methionine that all three polypeptides are specific for hog cholera virions.
(16) Hyperimmunization with the tick encephalitis and Western horse encephalomyelitis viruses reproduced in the brain of albino mice, intensified the protein synthesis in the splenic tissue during the productive phase of the immunogenesis (the 7th day).
(17) No cross reactions were found between bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer viruses.
(18) Cytolytic T lymphocytes lysing virus-infected and uninfected myocytes and heart-reactive autoantibodies occur in both myocarditis-susceptible strains.
(19) Whole-virus vaccines prepared by Merck Sharp and Dohme (West Point, Pa.) and Merrell-National Laboratories (Cincinnati, Ohio) and subunit vaccines prepared by Parke, Davis and Company (Detroit, Mich.) and Wyeth Laboratories (Philadelphia, Pa.) were given intramuscularly in concentrations of 800, 400, or 200 chick cell-agglutinating units per dose.
(20) We have recently described a nonnucleoside compound that specifically inhibits the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of AIDS.