(1) Since acetylcholine (ACh) was identified as a neurotransmitter at parasympathetic nerve terminals by pioneering pharmacologists such as O. Schmiedeberg, R. Hunt, O. Loewi and H.H.
(2) Collaboration among pharmacologists and clinical pharmacologists and many other curriculum officers and teachers is essential if education in this area is to be improved.
(3) Bumetanide has outgrown to become a tool for physiologists and pharmacologists in renal transport research.
(4) Toxicologists and pharmacologists called upon to testify in private litigation of whether or not exposure to a particular chemical caused an illness will have a clearer view of the law's notion of causation by the examples cited.
(5) A brief overview of the principal mechanisms responsible for the development of cardiac arrhythmias is also included, because it has been the goal of pharmacologists and clinical cardiologists to develop drugs and prescribe specific antiarrhythmic therapy based on a knowledge of these mechanisms with the assumption that specific antiarrhythmic therapy will be the most efficacious in restoring and maintaining normal sinus rhythm.
(6) Indeed, the pineal has often provided an apt tool for examining monoaminergic mechanisms for pharmacologists not specifically concerned with its particular functional properties.
(7) This finding provides a powerful tool for the biochemical pharmacologist who is examining large numbers of compounds in the search for potential drugs.
(8) Above all, it means close cooperation between the epileptic specialist, the obstetrician, and the clinical pharmacologist.
(9) The important works of clinicians, neuropathologists and pharmacologists in the 19th and 20th centuries, especially in the "era of L-DOPA", are reviewed.
(10) The emergence of Biotechnology has provided pharmacologists with a variety of methods for investigating the structure, the function, and the regulation of membrane-bound receptors with a precision that was not imagined even five years ago.
(11) Close cooperation between the haematologist, histologist, radiologist, surgeon, radiotherapist, pharmacologist and immunologist will obviously be required.
(12) From the practical view of the clinical pharmacologist an explanation is given of the problems encountered in planning a study, balancing fluid- and electrolyte intake and in the suggestions for dose extrapolations to man.
(13) In such cases close collaboration is necessitated between the pharmacologist, toxicologist, biochemist and physician.
(14) The paper is devoted to a brief review of the research and public activities of Professor Sergeĭ V. Anichkov; the prominent Soviet pharmacologist.
(15) Academic departments still draw on each other for their pharmacologists whereas industrial departments draw equally from other industrial departments and academic departments.
(16) This study may be useful to pharmacologists and chemists interested in plants with medicinal properties, as well as to botanists with ethnobotanical interests.
(17) For the wide variety of research activities involved in CBA-CEA, the expertise of economists, physicians, clinical pharmacists and pharmacologists, epidemiologists, sociologists, and psychologists is needed.
(18) Divascan (iprasochrome), a drug designed by GDR pharmacologists, brings about a positive effect in the management of diabetic microangiopathies, particularly at early stages.
(19) From the pharmacologist's point of view, these questions are of particular importance in relation to the possibility of predisposition to mammary carcinoma through treatment with reserpine, which is at present under discussion.
(20) Pharmacokinetic studies done early in the course of drug development can favorably influence the course of research by suggesting optimum dosage regimens, drug delivery methods, and fixed-ratio combinations and by alerting the clinical pharmacologist to potential problems.
Pharmacology
Definition:
(n.) Knowledge of drugs or medicines; the art of preparing medicines.
(n.) A treatise on the art of preparing medicines.
Example Sentences:
(1) Spectral analysis of spontaneous heart rate fluctuations, a powerful noninvasive tool for quantifying autonomic nervous system activity, was assessed in Xenopus Laevis, intact or spinalized, at different temperatures and by use of pharmacological tools.
(2) The effects of sessions, individual characteristics, group behavior, sedative medications, and pharmacological anticipation, on simple visual and auditory reaction time were evaluated with a randomized block design.
(3) In animal experiments pharmacological properties of the low molecular weight heparin derivative CY 216 were determined.
(4) This activation demonstrated in humans confirms the pharmacological results of the interferon induction obtained with SL04 in vivo in mice and in vitro in human cell cultures.
(5) Many features of CFTR activity suggest that pharmacological interventions may be possible.
(6) testosterone, fentanyl, nicotine) may ultimately be administered in this way, important questions pertaining to pharmacology (tolerance), toxicity (irritation, sensitisation) and dose sufficiency (penetration enhancement) remain.
(7) These observations indicate that lipoprotein Lp(a) concentrations can be altered pharmacologically and that the progression of cardiovascular disease may be altered through changes in lipoprotein (a) levels.
(8) Significant differences in the pharmacological characteristics of the alpha 2 adrenoceptor were observed between the tissues with reference to both absolute drug affinities as well as rank order of drug potency.
(9) Pharmacodynamic relationships are not well established for other therapeutic effects of theophylline, such as attenuation of pharmacologically induced bronchoconstriction.
(10) The primary focus of both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapy should be to control systemic blood pressure in a simple, affordable, and nontoxic fashion that provides an adequate quality of life.
(11) Only an extensive knowledge of the various mechanisms and pharmacologic agents that can be used to prevent or treat these adverse reactions will allow the physician to approach the problem scientifically and come to a reasonable solution for the patient.
(12) The pharmacological effects characterize reproterol as a bronchospasmolytic with preferential impact on the adrenergic beta2-receptors.
(13) Baroreflex function was studied in conscious early phase (less than 6 weeks) two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats before and 24 hours after surgical reversal of hypertension by removal of the constricting renal artery clip or after pharmacological reduction of blood pressure by an infusion of hydralazine or captopril.
(14) The study confirms that secretin influences pancreatic protein secretion and indicates in addition, that pharmacologic doses of the hormone, have the capacity to block acinar cell zymogen granule release.
(15) Results of sleep sampling under electroencephalographic control of the assessment of GH secretion are comparable to conventional pharmacological studies in terms of efficiency, sensitivity, and percentage false-negatives.
(16) Behavioral variables, including interreinforcement interval and drug self-administration history, appear to be important determinants of whether or not reinforcement will be demonstrated, particularly among the benzodiazepines; but the range of conditions under which behavioral and pharmacological variables interact to promote or lessen the likelihood of self-administration of these drugs remains to be determined experimentally.
(17) Because there were no interactions of time and type of migraine in either study, these results raise some questions about the existence of differential effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatment of menstrual vs non-menstrual migraine.
(18) Some factors of resistance (such as side benefits) happen in reactive and neurotic depressions and are independent of the pharmacological action.
(19) The fractional rate constants for the accumulation or disappearance of the metabolites could be determined after pharmacological blockade of catabolic enzymes or the acid metabolite carrier.
(20) However, reliable discrimination between immunological and idiosyncratic pharmacological mechanism is difficult to obtain.