What's the difference between pharmacology and pharmacopoeia?
Pharmacology
Definition:
(n.) Knowledge of drugs or medicines; the art of preparing medicines.
(n.) A treatise on the art of preparing medicines.
Example Sentences:
(1) Spectral analysis of spontaneous heart rate fluctuations, a powerful noninvasive tool for quantifying autonomic nervous system activity, was assessed in Xenopus Laevis, intact or spinalized, at different temperatures and by use of pharmacological tools.
(2) The effects of sessions, individual characteristics, group behavior, sedative medications, and pharmacological anticipation, on simple visual and auditory reaction time were evaluated with a randomized block design.
(3) In animal experiments pharmacological properties of the low molecular weight heparin derivative CY 216 were determined.
(4) This activation demonstrated in humans confirms the pharmacological results of the interferon induction obtained with SL04 in vivo in mice and in vitro in human cell cultures.
(5) Many features of CFTR activity suggest that pharmacological interventions may be possible.
(6) testosterone, fentanyl, nicotine) may ultimately be administered in this way, important questions pertaining to pharmacology (tolerance), toxicity (irritation, sensitisation) and dose sufficiency (penetration enhancement) remain.
(7) These observations indicate that lipoprotein Lp(a) concentrations can be altered pharmacologically and that the progression of cardiovascular disease may be altered through changes in lipoprotein (a) levels.
(8) Significant differences in the pharmacological characteristics of the alpha 2 adrenoceptor were observed between the tissues with reference to both absolute drug affinities as well as rank order of drug potency.
(9) Pharmacodynamic relationships are not well established for other therapeutic effects of theophylline, such as attenuation of pharmacologically induced bronchoconstriction.
(10) The primary focus of both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapy should be to control systemic blood pressure in a simple, affordable, and nontoxic fashion that provides an adequate quality of life.
(11) Only an extensive knowledge of the various mechanisms and pharmacologic agents that can be used to prevent or treat these adverse reactions will allow the physician to approach the problem scientifically and come to a reasonable solution for the patient.
(12) The pharmacological effects characterize reproterol as a bronchospasmolytic with preferential impact on the adrenergic beta2-receptors.
(13) Baroreflex function was studied in conscious early phase (less than 6 weeks) two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats before and 24 hours after surgical reversal of hypertension by removal of the constricting renal artery clip or after pharmacological reduction of blood pressure by an infusion of hydralazine or captopril.
(14) The study confirms that secretin influences pancreatic protein secretion and indicates in addition, that pharmacologic doses of the hormone, have the capacity to block acinar cell zymogen granule release.
(15) Results of sleep sampling under electroencephalographic control of the assessment of GH secretion are comparable to conventional pharmacological studies in terms of efficiency, sensitivity, and percentage false-negatives.
(16) Behavioral variables, including interreinforcement interval and drug self-administration history, appear to be important determinants of whether or not reinforcement will be demonstrated, particularly among the benzodiazepines; but the range of conditions under which behavioral and pharmacological variables interact to promote or lessen the likelihood of self-administration of these drugs remains to be determined experimentally.
(17) Because there were no interactions of time and type of migraine in either study, these results raise some questions about the existence of differential effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatment of menstrual vs non-menstrual migraine.
(18) Some factors of resistance (such as side benefits) happen in reactive and neurotic depressions and are independent of the pharmacological action.
(19) The fractional rate constants for the accumulation or disappearance of the metabolites could be determined after pharmacological blockade of catabolic enzymes or the acid metabolite carrier.
(20) However, reliable discrimination between immunological and idiosyncratic pharmacological mechanism is difficult to obtain.
Pharmacopoeia
Definition:
(n.) A book or treatise describing the drugs, preparations, etc., used in medicine; especially, one that is issued by official authority and considered as an authoritative standard.
(n.) A chemical laboratory.
Example Sentences:
(1) Microbiological investigations made by membrane filtration method on antiseptics and disinfectants demonstrated that the filtering membranes present very frequently a remarkable antimicrobial activity, even after washing with 300 ml of peptone water according to the guidelines of the Pharmacopoeia.
(2) Instead of fixed sterilization parameters, the new second Pharmacopoeia of the German Democratic Republic (1976 seqq.)
(3) Cholecalciferol Reference Standard (Control 871) for the Japanese Pharmacopoeia was prepared.
(4) Besides the usual control tests recommended by the Romanian Pharmacopoeia, the contamination of the hGH for clinical use with acute and slow viruses, was investigated taking into account the withdrawal of this hormone in many developed countries.
(5) The analytical method employed was the United States Pharmacopoeia XXI colorimetric procedure.
(6) Commercial formulations were analyzed and the results obtained by the proposed method closely agreed with those found by the British Pharmacopoeia method.
(7) The results were, therefore, regarded as a tool to define the upper limits of acceptance for human albumins corresponding to the quality prescribed by the European Pharmacopoeia.
(8) The phthalidyl ester of ampicillin [talampicillin (British Pharmacopoeia approved name), BRL 8988] was selected for extended studies.
(9) The data presented here form the experimental basis for the test controlling the composition of gentamicin sulphate in the British Pharmacopoeia 1973: Addendum 1975, and for the introduction into the British Pharmacopoeia of nmr spectrometry as an analytical technique.
(10) Heparin Sodium Reference Standard for Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP) is replaced with new material derived from porcine mucosa.
(11) On the basis of the above results, this material was authorized as the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Standard (Control 881).
(12) Based on the above results, the raw material was authorized as the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Standard (Control 911).
(13) In general, the procedures described in a national or European Pharmacopoeia must be applied if a monograph is available.
(14) In view of the effects they have on public health should we incorporate them into the pharmacopoeia in the same forms as the human drugs?
(15) The assay methods used in this study were those described in the United States Pharmacopeia XXI Ed and British Pharmacopoeia 1980, Addendum 1983.
(16) In accordance with the Pharmacopoeia of the GDR, from multiple-dose containers containing injection preparations with preservatives added such preparations may be repeatedly withdrawn up to 72 h after opening these containers.
(17) Twelve medicinal drugs have been identified by chemical investigations and are presented in one table with the vernacular names (in Dari, Pasto and Kati); the origins and the therapeutical uses are listed in another table with their cultural background in pre-Islamic (Greek and Indian medicines) and Islamic pharmacopoeia (Afghano-Persian and Arabian medicines).
(18) An ointment prepared from fat (sheabutter) obtainable from an indigenous (African) fruit released medicaments faster than either of the two ointment bases recommended by the British Pharmacopoeia.
(19) Levels of accuracy and precision acceptable for the requirements of the British Pharmacopoeia are obtained by combining the results of 3 to 4 assays of a heparin preparation.
(20) In a pharmaceutical form also containing carbromal, meprobamate could not be quantified selectively by classical methods described in pharmacopoeias due to a significant interference from carbromal.