(n.) The part of the alimentary canal between the cavity of the mouth and the esophagus. It has one or two external openings through the nose in the higher vertebrates, and lateral branchial openings in fishes and some amphibias.
Example Sentences:
(1) Cancer of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus has decreased in all Japanese migrants, but the decrease is much greater among Okinawan migrants, suggesting they have escaped exposure to risk factors peculiar to the Okinawan environment.
(2) The sites involved primarily were the nasal cavity, tonsil and pharynx and about one-fourth of the total cases showed extensive involvement of two anatomical sites at initial presentation.
(3) The method allows reconstructive operations to be conducted on the distal part of the internal carotid artery with preservation of the intactness and function of the muscles and nerves of the pharynx.
(4) Three hundred sixteen female patients with cancer of the larynx, pharynx, and mouth were examined and the following cancer sites were compared with respect to alcohol and tobacco consumption: oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, epilarynx, lip, and mouth.
(5) CR-ir was also observed in nerve fibers surrounding neuronal cell bodies in autonomic ganglia, and in nerve endings in the lip, tongue, incisal papilla, soft palate, pharynx and epiglottis.
(6) To review the physiologic basis for normal and abnormal vagal reflexes arising from the pharynx, larynx, and esophagus, as well as the relevance of vagal reflexes to the pathogenesis of such clinically common cardiorespiratory responses as bradycardia, tachycardia, dysrhythmia, coronary angiospasm, bronchospasm, laryngospasm, prolonged apnea, and singultus (hiccups).
(7) This approach can be expanded to reach almost any tumor of the pharynx and radical neck dissection can be incorporated.
(8) Hypoparathyroidism occurs secondary to surgery for carcinoma of the pharynx and larynx in which a total thyroidectomy is required.
(9) Esophageal strictures involved the pharynx or cervical esophagus in eight cases and were multiple in five; they ranged in length from 2 mm to 15 cm and tended to progress over time.
(10) Bacteriological examination of the stool and pharynx is useful in the management of immunocompromised patients.
(11) Four sensors in the pharynx simultaneously measure multiple pressure levels, with no need to move the catheter during sleep.
(12) Health workers must be familiar with proper resuscitation techniques, especially avoidance of excessive suctioning of the pharynx, and be alert to signs of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
(13) Congenital, neuromuscular and motor abnormalities of the pharynx, esophagus and diaphragm, coupled with intra- and extraluminal factors, play roles in the pathogenesis of esophageal diverticula.
(14) Chemical burns of the mouth, pharynx, and digestive passages have been reviewed in regard to the nature of the injury and wound description.
(15) This persistently reduced PaO2 in the former group is therefore most likely due to the physical presence of the endoscope in the pharynx.
(16) Probable site of action: pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi.
(17) The spirochaetes remain motile in the pharynx and oesophageal diverticula for several hours but are apparently immobilised in the midgut (Kumm & Turner, 1936).
(18) We have tested this hypothesis by examining the pressure-area relationship of the pharynx in 13 patients and in 7 control subjects.
(19) The pharynx was rapidly labelled when NBD-cholesterol was added in medium with or without serum or attached to red blood cells only.
(20) Therefore, manometric measurements made in the pharynx during bolus flow are not invalidated by variations in the orientation of the catheter.
Syrinx
Definition:
(n.) A wind instrument made of reeds tied together; -- called also pandean pipes.
(n.) The lower larynx in birds.
Example Sentences:
(1) With regard to the pathogenesis of syringomyelia, we concluded that in cases associated with Chiari II malformation, vermian protrusion and direct continuity between the fourth ventricle and the syrinx were essential.
(2) Three cases of post-traumatic syringomyelia are presented and the mechanism of syrinx formation is discussed.
(3) It is felt that these abnormal areas of spinal cord are responsible for the presenting symptomatology and may be precursors of syrinxes.
(4) A review of 15 patients with posttraumatic syringomyelia indicates that the most reliable electrodiagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of syrinx are the loss of motor unit numbers with increase in motor unit amplitude and duration nd synchronous firing.
(5) Repeat MRI revealed the syrinx to be smaller in diameter.
(6) The return of the symptoms correlated with the re-expansion of the syrinx on MRI.
(7) Furthermore, the results disclosed that the clinical symptoms, the degree of disability and the duration of the disease are not related to the dimensions of the syrinx or the electrophysiological results obtained by investigating the long ascending and descending spinal tracts of the lower limbs.
(8) Clinical manifestations are determined mainly by the level of vascular malformation and are not reflective of the level of syrinx.
(9) The disappearance of the syrinx on postoperative MRI correlated well with a good surgical outcome.
(10) Drainage of the syrinx delayed but did not prevent curve progression in immature patients, but did allow use of distraction instrumentation without complication for operative management of the associated scoliosis.
(11) Radiological investigation revealed a large cervicothoracolumbar syrinx of no known cause.
(12) Of the 25 patients who presented with spinal symptoms, 23 (92%) proved to have a syrinx at MR imaging.
(13) Postoperative NMR monitoring represents an effective non-invasive neuroradiological procedure that allows follow-up of syrinx evolution over the years.
(14) The size of the syrinx visualised by MR did not correlate with the clinical status during the follow-up studies.
(15) MRI demonstrated a syrinx extending from the medulla to the entire cervical cord.
(16) There was symptomatic improvement and collapse of the syrinx in each case, with no complications or recurrences over a follow-up interval of 14 to 27 months (average 20.3 months).
(17) The syrinx within the thoracic cord reduced in size after two months and disappeared after three months.
(18) Delayed metrizamide computed tomography myelography was decisive for making the diagnosis of a highly extended syrinx associated with the tumor.
(19) The caudal portion of the hypoglossal nucleus (nXIIts) contains the motor neurons that control the syrinx in songbirds.
(20) Computed tomography and magnetic resonance images (MRI) showed an expansive syrinx with adhesive arachnoiditis in the thoracic levels below the injury site and a localized syrinx on the posterolateral gray matter in the cervical levels above the injury site.