(n.) Any orthopterous insect of the family Phasmidae, as a leaf insect or a stick insect.
Example Sentences:
(1) From one phasmid, several marA-containing fragments were cloned: those of greater than or equal to 7.8 kbp restored the ability to form Mar mutants in a deletion strain.
(2) Spermatids from two phasmid species were seen to possess an unusually large amount of microtubules along the nucleus and tail.
(3) kurstaki (strain Dipel) and galleriae (strain 11-67) have been constructed on the basis of phasmid vector lambda pSL5.
(4) On their descent they found droppings that seemed too large to be from any other insect and decided to return at night when the phasmids were known to be active.
(5) The bat gene product can also antagonize the lambda cI repressor as shown by the observation that lambda pR phasmids are virulent on a homoimmune lysogen.
(6) The region available for recombination spans the homologous sequence shared by the plasmid and the phasmid.
(7) After scaling the mount and not seeing any of the phasmids, the scientists resigned themselves to heading home empty-handed.
(8) By means of interspecific complementation of an Escherichia coli recA- mutation with phasmids containing a gene bank from an obligate methylotroph, Methylobacillus flagellatum (Mf), the recA+ gene from this bacterium was identified.
(9) These are amphid neurons ADF, ASH, ASI, ASJ, ASK, and ADL and phasmid neurons PHA and PHB.
(10) The psu gene product of "phasmid" (phage-plasmid) P4 acts as a transcription antitermination factor in trans and in cis, respectively, within the morphogenic operons of its P2 phage helper during lytic viral development and on P4 itself during the establishment stage of its alternative mode of propagation as a plasmid.
(11) When an L1 shuttle phasmid containing a cloned gene conferring kanamycin resistance in E. coli was introduced into M. smegmatis, stable kanamycin-resistant colonies--i.e., lysogens--were obtained.
(12) Recombinant phasmid clones, carrying delta-endotoxin-coding genes of both subspecies have been isolated by means of immunoenzyme screening.
(13) pKGB2 is a phasmid vector with a cloning capacity of about 7.5 kb; useful unique cloning sites are SacI and SacII in the streptomycin resistance determinant and PvuI and XhoI in the kanamycin resistance determinant.
(14) For this, DNA isolated from the mycobacteria was treated by EcoRI restrictases and the fragments of 8-17 thousand nucleotide pairs were crosslinked with the phasmid DNA.
(15) A lateral line, a vaginal opening, a pair of phasmids, and an anus were identified in the body portion.
(16) All the recombinant phasmids complementing the lysA gene of E. coli contain common 2.2 kb and 3.3 kb EcoRI C. glutamicum DNA fragments.
(17) The extent of differentiation of the sex organs was found to be greater than that of 3rd-stage Dioctophyma renale, or of the infective stage of Trichinella spiralis, and comparable with the late 4th-stage larva of secernentean (phasmid) nematodes.
(18) Shuttle phasmids can be transduced into a wide variety of mycobacterial species and thus should permit the development of molecular genetic systems for the mycobacteria.
(19) This phasmid utilizes the Spi- selection for insertions of DNA into the vector and has the ability to accept 2- to 19-kilobase Sau3A1, BamHI, BglII, BclI, or XhoII fragments; recombinants lysogenize immune hosts as single-copy-number selectable plasmids at 100% frequency.
(20) These temperate shuttle phasmids form turbid plaques on Mycobacterium smegmatis and, upon lysogenization, confer resistance to superinfection and integrate within the mycobacterial chromosome.
Plasmid
Definition:
(n.) A piece of DNA, usually circular, functioning as part of the genetic material of a cell, not integrated with the chromosome and replicating independently of the chromosome, but transferred, like the chromosome, to subsequent generations. In bacteria, plasmids often carry the genes for antibiotic resistance; they are exploited in genetic engineering as the vehicles for introduction of extraneous DNA into cells, to alter the genetic makeup of the cell. The cells thus altered may produce desirable proteins which are extracted and used; in the case of genetically altered plant cells, the altered cells may grow into complete plants with changed properties, as for example, increased resistance to disease.
Example Sentences:
(1) When micF was cloned into a high-copy-number plasmid it repressed ompF gene expression, whereas when cloned into a low-copy-number plasmid it did not.
(2) These eight large plasmids had indistinguishable EcoRI restriction patterns.
(3) The combined analysis of pathogenesis and genetics associated with the salmonella virulence plasmids may identify new systems of bacterial virulence and the genetic basis for this virulence.
(4) On removal of selective pressure, the His+ phenotype was lost more readily than the Ura+ Trp+ markers, with a corresponding decrease in plasmid copy number.
(5) The data on mapping the episomal plasmid integration sites in yeast chromosomes I, III, IV, V, VII, XV are presented.
(6) A beta-adrenergic receptor cDNA cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector reliably induces high levels of beta-adrenergic receptor expression in 2-12% of COS cell colonies transfected with this plasmid after experimental conditions are optimized.
(7) By hybridization studies, three plasmids in two forms (open circular and supercoiled) were detected in the strain A24.
(8) It should be noted that about a half of the plasmids (11 out of 21) belonged to the incompatibility group P-7 which up to the present time was conditional, since was represented by a single plasmid Rms 148.
(9) Since the plasmid-cured strains did not contain DNA sequences homologous to plasmid DNA, the gene for the free-inclusion protein must be encoded in the chromosome.
(10) A total of 28 cell lines were selected for Geneticin - resistance and inoculated into the footpads of syngeneic animals following co-transfection with pSV2neo and genomic DNA, or transfection with plasmid constructs containing neo and the activated Ha-ras oncogene.
(11) Since resistance is mainly mediated by R plasmids, we undertook to investigate the characteristics of R plasmid-determined beta-lactamase in 6 Gram-negative rods.
(12) The 6.6-kb DNA Bam HI fragment containing the resistance gene was cloned with the plasmid vector pIJ699.
(13) Only one E. coli strain, containing two plasmids that encode endo-pectate lyases, exo-pectate lyase, and endo-polygalacturonase, caused limited maceration.
(14) Plasmids containing the inverted repeat alone bound ER, though less efficiently than did plasmids containing the entire sequence.
(15) The plasmid pMucAMucB, constructed from the Haemophilus influenzae vector pDM2, and a similar plasmid, constructed from pBR322, increased the survival after UV irradiation of Escherichia coli AB1157 with the umu-36 mutation and also caused UV-induced mutation in the E. coli strain.
(16) The 105 000 X g supernatant of the reaction mixture, which contained more than 85% of the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, did not inactivate the plasmid DNA.
(17) The remainder of the plasmid appeared to be associated with five positioned nucleosomes and two nonnucleosomal, partially protected regions on the bulk of the molecules.
(18) The fifth plasmid contains sequences which are repeated in the yeast genome, but it is not known whether any or all of the ribosomal protein gene on this clone contains repetitive DNA.
(19) Plasmid profiling was used to distinguish strains of lactobacilli inhabiting the digestive tract of piglets and the feces of sows.
(20) One mutant, BS260, was completely noninvasive on HeLa cells and mapped to a region on the 220-kb virulence plasmid in which we had previously localized several avirulent temperature-regulated operon fusions (A.E.