What's the difference between phenanthrene and phenanthridine?
Phenanthrene
Definition:
(n.) A complex hydrocarbon, C14H10, found in coal tar, and obtained as a white crystalline substance with a bluish fluorescence.
Example Sentences:
(1) In the case of adducts with the diol-epoxides of benzo[c]phenanthrene, the energetically most favored structures are isomers with significant biological activity.
(2) Enzymatic hydrolysis of glucuronides and sulfates resulted in the formation of free 1,2-, 3,4- and 9,10-dihydrodiols of phenanthrene and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene in both species.
(3) 4H-Cyclopenta[def]chrysen-4-one and 1-methyl-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene displayed weak tumorigenic activity at a total initiating dose of 1.0 mg.
(4) All of the compounds which were active in the receptor-binding and monooxygenase enzyme-induction assays possessed one common structural feature, namely the presence of a phenanthrene structure fused with at least 1 benzo ring.
(5) The PCAH's identified in SRF-carbon black were: anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(mno)fluoranthene, chrysene, 1,2-benzanthracene, 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene, 1,2-benzopyrene, 3,4-benzopyrene, perylene, o-phenylene pyrene 1,2-benzoperylene, anthanthrene, and coronene.
(6) In normal fibres in normal Ringer 3-chloro-2,5,6-trimethylbenzoic acid; 5,6-dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-7-carboxybenz[c]acridine; phenanthrene-9-carboxylic acid; and anthracene-9-carboxylic acid at 10(-5)-10(-4)M decreased membrane conductance without consistently changing diameter or capacitance.
(7) The unsubstituted phenanthrene-9,10-imine was approximately 70-fold more mutagenic than the corresponding phenanthrene-9,10-oxide.
(8) The thioether metabolites of styrene oxide and phenanthrene are described, but the procedures have been applied in studies of several drugs and environmental chemicals in our laboratory.
(9) Data analysis indicated no statistically significant PCB or phenanthrene effect on either total glucose uptake velocities or the proportion of 14CO2 evolved, as compared to natural unstressed samples.
(10) Although the ozonation products of pyrene were not toxic under the conditions of this study, phenanthrene products were more hepatotoxic than was phenanthrene itself.
(11) 16,17-Dihydro-11-hydroxy-15H-cyclopenta[alpha]phenanthrene was also tested for carcinogenicity in the TO strain by repeated application.
(12) Sections for morphological examination showed evidence of increased digestive cell deletion in phenanthrene-treated mussels.
(13) The phenanthrene-induced aldehyde dehydrogenase is very similar to the normal uninduced aldehyde dehydrogenase, whereas the benzo[a]pyrene-induced aldehyde dehydrogenase has common properties with the TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin)-induced enzyme and the hepatoma-specific enzyme.
(14) Two clinical trials of the phenanthrene methanol compound halofantrine in the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum were conducted in Malawi, in areas where the parasite was known to be chloroquine resistant.
(15) The gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) analysis of benzene extract of fly ash showed the presence of 28 polyaromatic hydrocarbons, of which only phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, and benzo[a]pyrene could be identified.
(16) The white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium metabolized phenanthrene when it was grown for 7 days at 37 degrees C in a medium containing malt extract, D-glucose, D-maltose, yeast extract, and Tween 80.
(17) These results suggest that the mixed-function oxidase systems specifically induced by BNF have a protective effect against the hepatotoxicity of the oxonized or nitrated products of phenanthrene and pyrene.
(18) The enzyme, which is normally stereospecific in the addition of GSH to the oxirane carbon of R absolute configuration in arene oxide substrates, loses its stereospecificity toward phenanthrene 9,10-oxide with the retro peptide analogues, giving a 2:1 mixture of the S,S and R,R stereoisomeric 9,10-dihydro-9-(S-peptidyl)-10-hydroxyphenanthrenes.
(19) Besides N-oxidation, the metabolism of BfQ by all the above microsomes was almost exclusively at the benzo-ring (49-69%) while that of phenanthrene was predominantly at the K-region (50-71%).
(20) Nitrophenanthrene lactones (nitro-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-ones) were found to account for the observed activity of this polar fraction of the phenanthrene reaction products.
Phenanthridine
Definition:
(n.) A nitrogenous hydrocarbon base, C13H9N, analogous to phenanthrene and quinoline.
Example Sentences:
(1) Different cytochemical conditions of using Propidium Iodide, a phenanthridinic fluorochrome specific for double-stranded nucleic acids, have been considered to study some structural aspects of the interphasic chromatin.
(2) The alkaloids tested included compounds from the isoquinoline, benzylisoquinoline, bisbenzylisoquinoline, monoterpene isoquinoline, berberine, morphinane, hasubanan, benzo[c]phenanthridine and aporphine groups.
(3) The sole difference between the compounds is the length of the hydrocarbon chain linking the nitroimidazole to the phenanthridine.
(4) Salts of 2,3,8,9-tetrasubstituted alkoxy-, hydroxy-, and acetoxybenzo(c)phenanthridines as well as the corresponding 6-methoxy-5,6-dihydrobenzo(c)phenanthridines were prepared from appropriate chalcones through the tetralone and the 4b,10b,11,12-tetrahydrobenzo(c)phenanthridine intermediates.
(5) On sublimation 1 and 3 formed 8,9-dimethoxy-2,3-methylenedioxybenzo[c]phenanthridine [4] which could then be converted to 5,6-dihydronitidine [5].
(6) Effects of some metabolic inhibitors, as well as of biologically active compounds (diakarb, ethidium bromide and a phenanthridine alkaloid sanguinarine) on the formed novocaine and neutral red segregation zones were studied.
(7) The structural requirement for antitumor activity in the phenanthridine series is the ability to form a C-6 iminium ion.
(8) From cell cultures of Eschscholtzia californica and their spent medium, three new benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids--namely 10-hydroxysanguinarine [2a], 12-hydroxychelirubine [4a], and 10-hydroxychelerythrine [7a]--and two new dihydrobenzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids--10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine [2b] and 12-hydroxydihydrochelirubine [4b]--together with the known constituents sanguinarine [1a], chelirubine [3a], macarpine [5a], dihydrosanguinarine [1b], dihydrochelirubine [3b], and dihydromacarpine [5b], were isolated and characterized.
(9) The toxicity of NLP-1 is reduced at least 10-fold at 0 degrees C. Its ability to radiosensitize hypoxic cells is similar to misonidazole at 0 degrees C. Thus the putative targeting of the 2-nitroimidazole, NLP-1, to DNA, via its phenanthridine group, enhances its hypoxic toxicity, but not its radiosensitizing ability under the present test conditions.
(10) It was found that the anti-depressant drugs imipramine, amitriptyline, 5-methylamino-acetyl-6-methyl-5,6-dihydro-phenanthridine-HCl (Org OI77) and 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydro-2-methyl-dibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine-HCl (mianserin, Org GB 94) potentiated the behavioural effect of DOPA in groups of mice which had been treated 17 h previously with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) iproniazid.
(11) The phenanthridine group with a three-carbon side chain, P-1, was also synthesized to allow studies on the effect of the targeting group by itself.
(12) Of five newly synthesized benzo[c]phenanthridine derivatives tested, the two compounds, BPD-I and BPD-II were found to have potent anti-edematous activity with intraperitoneal administration to S.D.
(13) The nitroimidazole-linked phenanthridine series of compounds (NLP-1, 2, and 3) were synthesized under the assumption that it should be possible to enhance the molar efficiency of 2-nitroimidazoles as hypoxic cell radiosensitizers and cytotoxins by targeting them to their likely site of action, DNA.
(14) Derivatives of the DNA-intercalating agent N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]phenanthridine-4-carboxamide have been prepared and shown to have moderate in vivo antitumor activity against both the P388 leukemia and Lewis lung carcinoma.
(15) The major metabolites of phenanthridine formed under these incubation conditions were identified as phenanthridine-N-oxide, 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrophenanthridine, and 9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthridine.
(16) A marked circadian variation in aldehyde oxidase activity was observed with several substrates (phthalazine, phenanthridine, N-phenylquinolinium and 3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-quinazolinone).
(17) The isomeric cis-dihydroxybenzo[a]-phenanthridine neither stimulated cAMP synthesis nor inhibited the cAMP synthesis induced by dopamine.
(18) A natural DNA-intercalator plant benzo-c-phenanthridine alkaloid sanguinarine is more toxic for mouse transformed fibroblast L-cells in culture than synthetic DNA-intercalator ethidium bromide (EtB) and alkaloid berberine.
(19) The ethyl acetate-extractable metabolites of phenanthridine as formed in vitro with Aroclor-induced rat liver homogenate were isolated and structurally identified.
(20) The 2-nitroimidazole linked phenanthridine, NLP-1 (5-[3-(2-nitro-1-imidazoyl)-propyl]-phenanthridinium bromide), was synthesized with the rationale of targeting the nitroimidazole to DNA via the phenanthridine ring.