(a.) One of the four humors of which the ancients supposed the blood to be composed. See Humor.
(a.) Viscid mucus secreted in abnormal quantity in the respiratory and digestive passages.
(a.) A watery distilled liquor, in distinction from a spirituous liquor.
(a.) Sluggishness of temperament; dullness; want of interest; indifference; coldness.
Example Sentences:
(1) These dyspnea complaints often presented themselves as isolated symptoms, without chronic cough or phlegm production.
(2) One year later, using postal questionnaires, they were asked about their experience of back pain in the ensuing 12 months and about smoking habits, breathlessness, coughing, and the bringing up of phlegm.
(3) In multiple logistic models, accounting for independent effects of age, smoking, pack-years, parents' smoking, socio-economic status, body mass index, significantly increased odds ratios were found in males for the associations of: bottled gas for cooking with cough (1.66) and dyspnoea (1.81); stove for heating with cough (1.44) and phlegm (1.39); stove fuelled by natural gas and fan or stove fuelled other than by natural gas with cough (1.54 and 1.66).
(4) When dyspnea was associated with cough and phlegm production there was on the contrary a statistically significant relation with the spirometric values and the effect of acetylcholine.
(5) The joint effect of smoking and phlegm as well as that of smoking and wheezing was close to being multiplicative.
(6) Of the 509 patients who reported cough, phlegm, wheeze, or shortness of breath, 324 responded to a detailed questionnaire, 256 of whom had simple respiratory function assessed.
(7) The catch is that the wine has been spiked with an extinguished cigarette, bogies, phlegm, piss and maggots; Ryle tackles it with vigour.
(8) Among current smokers, a trend toward higher sIL-2R levels (not statistically significant) was observed among subjects reporting symptoms of phlegm production.
(9) In all, 20% of the flax scutchers were found, on the basis of the questionnaire, to suffer from persistent cough and 25% from chronic phlegm production.
(10) The standardized questionnaire was filled in by the industrial physicians: occupational history, smoking habits, respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm, dyspnea, asthma), irritative complaints of the upper airways (nasal fossae and sinuses, pharynx and larynx) were all recorded.
(11) Among women, FEV1 failure was significantly associated with moderate breathlessness, chronic phlegm, wheeze, and asthma with odds ratios of 1.55, 1.45, 1.62, and 1.95, respectively.
(12) reported in the initial survey and 5 years later) to dusts doubled the odds for the appearance of chronic phlegm and attacks of breathlessness in all men, and of chronic bronchitis in men aged 41 to 50, initially free of the symptom.
(13) It is concluded that the development of chronic cough, chronic phlegm and chronic bronchitis in asbestos workers is likely to be an unspecific effect of the exposure to the difficulty soluble airborne particles rather than a specific effect of the exposure to airborne asbestos fibres.
(14) After adjustment for intensity and duration of smoking and for depth of inhalation, the risk of chronic phlegm, cough, and dyspnea were not related to the tar and nicotine yields.
(15) Chronic phlegm production is not significantly associated with CVD mortality, and 'chronic bronchitis' is significantly associated with mortality only in the employed populations.
(16) The prevalence of lower respiratory symptoms (any cough, phlegm, wheeze, or wheeze with dyspnea) was increased among those reporting dampness or mold compared with those not reporting dampness or mold as follows: 38 versus 27% among current smokers, 21 versus 14% among exsmokers, and 19 versus 11% among nonsmokers (all p values less than 0.001).
(17) Smoking was a more important risk factor than age, sex or social class, and was associated particularly with wheeze, morning phlegm and chest tightness on waking.
(18) In the control group, the prevalence of chronic cough and phlegm was only 6.6% in each category.
(19) Among 98 asbestos-exposed subjects who had normal chest X-rays, there was an increase in the prevalence of breathlessness grade 2, cough during the day, and phlegm when coughing.
(20) The differences persisted when children with cough with phlegm, asthma, wheeze, inhalant allergies, or hospitalization before age 2 for a chest illness were excluded from analysis.
Sputum
Definition:
(n.) That which is expectorated; a salival discharge; spittle; saliva.
Example Sentences:
(1) We identified four distinct clinical patterns in the 244 patients with true positive MAI infections: (a) pulmonary nodules ("tuberculomas") indistinguishable from pulmonary neoplasms (78 patients); (b) chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis with sputum repeatedly positive for MAI or granulomas on biopsy (58 patients, virtually all older white women); (c) cavitary lung disease and scattered pulmonary nodules mimicking M. tuberculosis infection (12 patients); (d) diffuse pulmonary infiltrations in immunocompromised hosts, primarily patients with AIDS (96 patients).
(2) There was no significant difference in sputum production or change in lung function between each technique as assessed by the physiotherapist.
(3) Fever was also associated with a higher incidence of lymphopenia, hyponatraemia, hypoalbuminaemia and many acid-fast bacilli on sputum smear.
(4) Here we report on the ability of sputum to prime neutrophils for enhanced release of oxygen radicals.
(5) The concentration of the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in their sputum did not change significantly in IAR and LAR compared with that before antigen challenge.
(6) About 276 sputums analysed from 1984 to 1989, 61% of them have been positive.
(7) Analysis of the qualitative composition of the sputum proteins and their content can be used in pulmonology for differential diagnosis and assessment of a course of pulmonary diseases.
(8) After treatment with flucytosine for 21 months, there was marked symptomatic improvement and radiographic clearing, but sputum cultures continued to yield a few colonies of T glabrata.
(9) Pseudomonas was present in the sputum of these patients.
(10) In conclusion serum and sputum S appear to have a different pharmacokinetic profile in respect to P. However, when compared to the AUC, both drugs reach antibacterial levels.
(11) Cytological sputum investigation in suspicion to lung cancer was found to be a useful contribution to the diagnosis.
(12) Histamine, slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (S.R.S.-A), IgE, eosinophils, and an eosinophil-associated enzyme, arylsulphatase IIB, were measured in sputum from 11 chronic bronchitics at weekly intervals for 6 weeks.
(13) 25 patients in the induced-sputum group were diagnosed as having primary lung cancer; induced sputum was positive for malignant cells in 21 of these patients (84%), whereas bronchoscopy was positive in 23 (92%) (not significantly different).
(14) P. aeruginosa antigens in sputum of patients with chronic respiratory tract infection was also detected.
(15) In the present paper the human pulmonary trophoblastic deportation was studied in 180 sputum specimens from 90 pregnant, parturient and puerperal patients.
(16) Sputum culture produced a significant isolate in 60 patients (53.5%), and in 17 (15.2%) the causative agent was suggested by serological tests.
(17) 12 out of the 14 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis became asymptomatic, and no organisms could be detected in the sputum of 13 out of the same 14 patients two days after cessation of cefaclor treatment.
(18) From 8 to 24 hours after DEC, microfilariae were found with increased frequency in the urine, blood, and sputum, while the number of microfilariae per mm2 of skin decreased.
(19) Chest X-ray and sputum cytology were used to detect lung cancer among subjects with an underground work history over 10 years and over 40 years of age.
(20) Twenty-two patients were available for long-term follow-up: 12 patients completed 24 months of chemotherapy, all experienced sputum conversion, but 2 reactivated, 1 at 9 and the other at 27 months after termination of chemotherapy.