(a.) Representing sounds; as, phonetic characters; -- opposed to ideographic; as, a phonetic notation.
Example Sentences:
(1) Three male and 2 female subjects produced six repetitions of 12 utterances that were initiated and terminated by vowels and consonants of differing phonetic features.
(2) The research, performed on 80 Romanian-speaking aphasics showed that the frequency of various types of phonetic errors is quite different in various languages, as presented in aphasiologic references.
(3) Animals provide a model of auditory-level processing in the absence of phonetic-level processing, and test whether the existence of a phenomenon such as categorical perception necessitates specialized mechanisms.
(4) A novel approach to speech recognition, on the basis of a multidimensional multivalued phonetic-feature description of speech signals, is presented and evaluated.
(5) Phonetic distractors generated greater interference than semantic distractors at all delay levels, and semantic distractors generated greater interference than random distractors.
(6) Ss in phonological priming conditions systematically modified their responses on unrelated priming trials in perceptual identification, and they were slower and more errorful on unrelated trials in lexical decision than were Ss in phonetic priming conditions.
(7) The analysis includes a phonetic analysis, a substitution analysis, and a phonological process analysis.
(8) Single-word repetitions by 4 brain-damaged adults with apraxia of speech (AOS) but without concomitant aphasia were transcribed using a standard narrow phonetic transcription system.
(9) These differences increased systematically with the phonetic complexity of the task.
(10) In another experiment, interdependence of two phonetic judgments was found in responses based on the fricative noise and the vocalic formants of a fricative-vowel syllable.
(11) This is in contrast with the classical (British-English) phonetic tradition which allows the occurrence of two strong stresses within certain words, which are then called 'double-stressed'.
(12) Specific features of Delaire's operation when compared with Rosenthal's inferior pedicle pharyngoplasty are described, and phonetic results obtained in a recent series of 10 patients operated upon using the former procedure reported.
(13) Phonetic transcriptions of 48 babbling samples from 11 normally hearing subjects, aged 4-18 months, and 39 samples from 14 hearing-impaired (HI) subjects, aged 4-39 months, were analyzed to determine the inventory of consonantal phones for each recording session.
(14) It has been found that in senile dementia the multilevel and multiaspect functional system of speech is impaired at both, a lower, phonetic, and higher speech (a phonological analysis) levels.
(15) A standardized, phonetically selected text, seems to improve the discrimination power.
(16) The most frequent prosthetic complications were phonetic problems in the maxilla only (10 cases), acrylic fractures in bridges (3 cases) and fractures or distortion of the metallic framework (2 cases).
(17) Possible applications of the model are to the evolution of semantic alarm calls in vervet monkeys and the phonetic aspects of human language.
(18) Intelligibility was evaluated from phonetic transcriptions of the speech samples.
(19) To do this, sets of letter strings in which orthography and familiarity were factorially combined were used as the basis for physical, phonetic, semantic, and lexical judgments.
(20) A digital phonetic data base under current construction is outlined.
Transcribe
Definition:
(v. t.) To write over again, or in the same words; to copy; as, to transcribe Livy or Tacitus; to transcribe a letter.
Example Sentences:
(1) RNA transcribed in vitro from the early region of bacteriophage T3 or T7 was translated by cytoplasmic ribosomes which synthesized protein in cell-free systems prepared from mammalian cells and wheat germ.
(2) The gene, which is located at chromosome XIII, is transcribed as a mRNA of about 2.7 kilobases, and the amount of message has been found to increase 3- to 4-fold during the culture.
(3) RNA preparations were reverse-transcribed, amplified by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and separated by electrophoresis.
(4) Early after infection, the E3 promoter is used to make mainly mRNAs a and h. Late after infection, the E3 promoter appears to be shut off and the major late promoter is used to make mainly mRNAs d and e. The late L4 mRNA 3' end site is not used early even though early E3 pre-mRNAs transcribe through the L4 RNA 3' end site.
(5) Thus, hyp does not appear to affect metastable variation but does affect the level of transcription of the pilA gene in the ON (transcribed) mode.
(6) MDR1-containing amplicons may include a number of additional transcribed genes that do not appear to contribute to multidrug resistance.
(7) In vivo, ribosomal RNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is transcribed from the light strand of gamma DNA.
(8) Each of the two spliced molecules contains a 5'-terminal leader sequence transcribed from a DNA segment with an estimated length of 60 to 110 nuvleotides.
(9) Sequences representing the entire TIR are transcribed into poly(A)+ mRNA at both early and late times in the infection.
(10) VZV TK templates were linearized at internal restriction sites and RNAs transcribed from these templates directed the synthesis of polypeptides with sizes consistent with the colinearity of the VZV TK gene.
(11) Oligodeoxynucleotides related to the non-transcribed DNA strands can effectively inhibit the RNA synthesis catalyzed by E. coli RNA polymerase.
(12) To identify the molecular defect in a patient with the intermediate form of the disease, arylsulfatase B mRNA from his fibroblasts was reverse-transcribed, amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, and subcloned.
(13) Similar sequence periodicities are found in the internal control regions of other genes transcribed by RNA polymerase III, and also in the SV40 promoter and a monkey gene region to which the transcription factor Sp1 binds.
(14) Nevertheless, XA is transcribed into a stable 2.6-kb polyadenylated RNA that is expressed uniquely in the adrenal gland.
(15) To determine which enzymes are responsible for the processing cleavages of ribosomal RNA transcripts in Escherichia coli, we constructed a mutant strain lacking RNAase III and containing a thermolabile RNAase P. At the nonpermissive temperature, this strain accumulates a novel "19S" RNA species which contains 17S precursor rRNA sequences covalently linked to tRNA sequences transcribed from the ribosomal RNA spacer region between the 16S and the 23S rRNA cistrons.
(16) RNA transcribed by RNA polymerase II on denatured DNA was only large RNA around 28S.
(17) Expression of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor gene during long-term administration of competitive and non-competitive NMDA antagonists was studied in rat brain using antisense cRNA transcribed from reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-generated rat NMDA receptor cDNA.
(18) In addition, the transcriptional behaviour of this tRNALeuCUG gene in various in vitro systems is described and it seems that, although the gene is transcribed in all test systems, the very A + T-rich 5'-flanking sequence of this particular gene may be somewhat inhibitory to transcription in vitro.
(19) A combination of techniques for reverse transcribing mRNA into cDNA and the incorporation of 32P-gamma ATP into the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-generated fragments allowed us to detect beta 2-AR mRNA in surgically excised thyroid specimens.
(20) A new repetitive DNA region was identified in the non-transcribed spacer of human rDNA, namely a long (4.6 kb) sequence motif (Xbal element) was present in two copies.