(n.) The doctrine or science of sounds; especially those of the human voice; phonology.
(n.) The art of representing vocal sounds by signs and written characters.
Example Sentences:
(1) Three male and 2 female subjects produced six repetitions of 12 utterances that were initiated and terminated by vowels and consonants of differing phonetic features.
(2) The research, performed on 80 Romanian-speaking aphasics showed that the frequency of various types of phonetic errors is quite different in various languages, as presented in aphasiologic references.
(3) Animals provide a model of auditory-level processing in the absence of phonetic-level processing, and test whether the existence of a phenomenon such as categorical perception necessitates specialized mechanisms.
(4) A novel approach to speech recognition, on the basis of a multidimensional multivalued phonetic-feature description of speech signals, is presented and evaluated.
(5) Phonetic distractors generated greater interference than semantic distractors at all delay levels, and semantic distractors generated greater interference than random distractors.
(6) Ss in phonological priming conditions systematically modified their responses on unrelated priming trials in perceptual identification, and they were slower and more errorful on unrelated trials in lexical decision than were Ss in phonetic priming conditions.
(7) The analysis includes a phonetic analysis, a substitution analysis, and a phonological process analysis.
(8) Single-word repetitions by 4 brain-damaged adults with apraxia of speech (AOS) but without concomitant aphasia were transcribed using a standard narrow phonetic transcription system.
(9) These differences increased systematically with the phonetic complexity of the task.
(10) In another experiment, interdependence of two phonetic judgments was found in responses based on the fricative noise and the vocalic formants of a fricative-vowel syllable.
(11) This is in contrast with the classical (British-English) phonetic tradition which allows the occurrence of two strong stresses within certain words, which are then called 'double-stressed'.
(12) Specific features of Delaire's operation when compared with Rosenthal's inferior pedicle pharyngoplasty are described, and phonetic results obtained in a recent series of 10 patients operated upon using the former procedure reported.
(13) Phonetic transcriptions of 48 babbling samples from 11 normally hearing subjects, aged 4-18 months, and 39 samples from 14 hearing-impaired (HI) subjects, aged 4-39 months, were analyzed to determine the inventory of consonantal phones for each recording session.
(14) It has been found that in senile dementia the multilevel and multiaspect functional system of speech is impaired at both, a lower, phonetic, and higher speech (a phonological analysis) levels.
(15) A standardized, phonetically selected text, seems to improve the discrimination power.
(16) The most frequent prosthetic complications were phonetic problems in the maxilla only (10 cases), acrylic fractures in bridges (3 cases) and fractures or distortion of the metallic framework (2 cases).
(17) Possible applications of the model are to the evolution of semantic alarm calls in vervet monkeys and the phonetic aspects of human language.
(18) Intelligibility was evaluated from phonetic transcriptions of the speech samples.
(19) To do this, sets of letter strings in which orthography and familiarity were factorially combined were used as the basis for physical, phonetic, semantic, and lexical judgments.
(20) A digital phonetic data base under current construction is outlined.
Phonology
Definition:
(n.) The science or doctrine of the elementary sounds uttered by the human voice in speech, including the various distinctions, modifications, and combinations of tones; phonetics. Also, a treatise on sounds.
Example Sentences:
(1) As evidence, they show no mediated semantic-phonological priming during picture naming: Retrieval of sheep primes goat, but the activation of goat is not transmitted to its phonological relative, goal.
(2) Experimental subjects produced the phonologically inadmissible [3a], [u'mI], [vepsilon], and control subjects produced the phonologically allowable [d3a], [u'mî], [veI].
(3) This article attempts to look at factors which are common to the development both of phonology and reading ability.
(4) Two consequences of these conditions are (1) patient classification into syndrome types (e.g., phonological dysgraphia, agrammatism, and so forth) can play no useful role in research concerned with issues about the structure of normal cognitive functioning or its dissolution under conditions of brain damage; and (2) only single-patient studies allow valid inferences about the structure of cognitive mechanisms from the analysis of impaired performance.
(5) Finally, it is suggested that the gestural approach clarifies our understanding of phonological development, by positing that prelinguistic units of action are harnessed into (gestural) phonological structures through differentiation and coordination.
(6) This study examined the relationship between productive phonological knowledge and generalization learning patterns in phonologically disordered children.
(7) Printed-word comprehension appeared to involve prior retrieval of a phonological code for less frequent words.
(8) were careful to point out, further studies of the effect of target choice on changes in the phonological system are needed.
(9) Target discrimination accuracy was inversely related to the phonological complexity of strings containing targets in Experiment 3, supposedly because lexical access through which target discrimination is enhanced becomes more difficult as phonological complexity increases.
(10) This article presents 4 experiments aimed at defining the primary underlying phonological processing deficit(s) in adult dyslexia.
(11) The search for the acoustic properties useful to the listener in extracting the linguistic message from a speech signal is often construed as the task of matching invariant physical properties to invariant phonological percepts; the discovery of the former will explain the latter.
(12) In Experiment 1, the definitions that Jones used with phonological interlopers created more TOTs even when no interlopers were presented.
(13) Several experiments showed that he had a poor phonological image of the target word and was poorly helped by phonological cues.
(14) The controls for phonologically ambiguous words were the same words in their alternative, nonambiguous alphabetic transcription.
(15) The form in which phonological information is stored in the lexical entries of young children, and how this form changes over time, are questions which are difficult to address, given the limitations of current methodologies.
(16) Three experiments were conducted to show that phonological encoding is typical for visually-presented letter strings, and that an interactive activation model with a phonological route to the mental lexicon accounts adequately for the word-superiority effect.
(17) He had more difficulty reading longer words (word-length effect), but had no selective reading impairment in phonologic or semantic analysis.
(18) Low age-weighted scores on production of velars, liquids, and postvocalic singleton obstruents, along with elevated thresholds at 500 Hz and a history of early onset and late remission from OME, were the most important variables characterizing children who did not catch up phonologically by age 3.
(19) Since pointing conveys information that is critical for the prelexical derivation of phonology, it was hypothesized that its absence would prove detrimental for left hemisphere (LH) but not for right hemisphere (RH) reading and that, for the former, pointing effects would increase with increasing word length.
(20) Ss in phonological priming conditions systematically modified their responses on unrelated priming trials in perceptual identification, and they were slower and more errorful on unrelated trials in lexical decision than were Ss in phonetic priming conditions.