(n.) A letter, character, or mark used to represent a particular sound.
(n.) A record of sounds made by a phonograph.
Example Sentences:
(1) The present investigation was designed to overcome the omissions of previous studies, and examined the ability to read 46 single phonograms and 46 single ideograms aloud in four groups of sufficiently large numbers of patients; namely, seven pure alexics, 23 Broca aphasics, 13 Wernicke aphasics, and seven patients with alexia and agraphia.
(2) Past case reports as well as some widely accepted handbooks and textbooks have concluded that a specific aphasia type or lesion site is associated with a particular impairment pattern of phonograms and ideograms in reading.
(3) Respiratory movements were measured with a chest pneumograph and evaluated in comparison with a phonogram and the identified spoken text.
(4) Information from phonogram words in the right hemisphere is probably less transferred to the left hemisphere than that from ideogram words.
(5) The patient was 76% correct in Japanese phonogram words and 92% correct in ideogram words in an interfield same-different judgment, that is, judging whether 2 one-letter words, one in the left hemifield and the other in the right, were the same or different.
(6) In addition to the clinical examination which remains indispensable, the aerophonometer, applicable to adults and children as from the age of 3, enables simultaneous measurement of the flow of buccal air, the flow of nasal air, and the buccal phonogram.
(7) In both cases, phonograms recorded over the generator area with a magnet in place revealed audible tones synchronous with each sensed event which allowed noninvasive documentation of a sensing problem.
(8) Correlating such curves with corresponding phonogram and physio-pathological data, we have been able to define an iconographic semiology, which may be useful in the functional pathology of the soft palate and indications of uvulo-pharyngoplasty for snoring.
(9) The size of saccadic eye movements and eye fixations during Japanese text reading (written in both hirakana phonograms and kanji ideograms) were analyzed.
(10) In contrast, Kana (phonogram or syllabogram) words are comparable with orthographically regular words or nonsense words, because the Kana writing system depends on strict phonological rules (almost one-to-one correspondence between syllable and syllabogram).
(11) A majority of the cases in each group showed that phonograms and ideograms were unselectively impaired.
(12) In his reading aloud and reading comprehension disturbances, ideogram words were less impaired than phonogram words, even when the number of letters in the words was the same.
(13) Owing to the Japanese language's unique writing system, which consists of phonograms and ideograms, reading impairments of Japanese brain-damaged patients have attracted the interest of many researchers.
(14) While sensory and motor dysfunctions can usually be neuroanatomically localized in individuals, impairments of certain high cortical functions, such as the reading of phonograms and ideograms, may not be correlated with damage to definite neuroanatomical structures.
(15) We present a Japanese man with selective Kana (phonogram) agraphia as a sequela of two cerebral infarctions in a part of the left angular gyrus and its adjoining posterior superior temporal gyrus and the left corona radiata.
(16) Phonogram reading was more severely disturbed in four cases among the Broca aphasics and in one case among the patients with alexia with agraphia.
(17) Reading difficulty was severe in words composed of phonograms (Kana), while reading of words composed of Ideograms (Kanji) was better preserved.
(18) Past reports linking a particular impairment pattern of phonogram and ideogram reading and a specific lesion site were studies of single cases, and their conclusions seem oversimplified.
(19) McKelvie and I never thought we'd get to do a third volume; we actually staged a wake for Phonogram in 2010.
(20) The study of writing performance suggested the following hypotheses: (1) motor engrams for limb praxis and writing may be dissociated, and (2) motor engrams for writing Kana (phonogram) and Kanji (ideogram) letters are represented on both hemispheres, although the hemisphere nondominant for language seems unable to combine graphemes into a correct meaningful sequence.