(n.) The science or doctrine of the elementary sounds uttered by the human voice in speech, including the various distinctions, modifications, and combinations of tones; phonetics. Also, a treatise on sounds.
Example Sentences:
(1) As evidence, they show no mediated semantic-phonological priming during picture naming: Retrieval of sheep primes goat, but the activation of goat is not transmitted to its phonological relative, goal.
(2) Experimental subjects produced the phonologically inadmissible [3a], [u'mI], [vepsilon], and control subjects produced the phonologically allowable [d3a], [u'mî], [veI].
(3) This article attempts to look at factors which are common to the development both of phonology and reading ability.
(4) Two consequences of these conditions are (1) patient classification into syndrome types (e.g., phonological dysgraphia, agrammatism, and so forth) can play no useful role in research concerned with issues about the structure of normal cognitive functioning or its dissolution under conditions of brain damage; and (2) only single-patient studies allow valid inferences about the structure of cognitive mechanisms from the analysis of impaired performance.
(5) Finally, it is suggested that the gestural approach clarifies our understanding of phonological development, by positing that prelinguistic units of action are harnessed into (gestural) phonological structures through differentiation and coordination.
(6) This study examined the relationship between productive phonological knowledge and generalization learning patterns in phonologically disordered children.
(7) Printed-word comprehension appeared to involve prior retrieval of a phonological code for less frequent words.
(8) were careful to point out, further studies of the effect of target choice on changes in the phonological system are needed.
(9) Target discrimination accuracy was inversely related to the phonological complexity of strings containing targets in Experiment 3, supposedly because lexical access through which target discrimination is enhanced becomes more difficult as phonological complexity increases.
(10) This article presents 4 experiments aimed at defining the primary underlying phonological processing deficit(s) in adult dyslexia.
(11) The search for the acoustic properties useful to the listener in extracting the linguistic message from a speech signal is often construed as the task of matching invariant physical properties to invariant phonological percepts; the discovery of the former will explain the latter.
(12) In Experiment 1, the definitions that Jones used with phonological interlopers created more TOTs even when no interlopers were presented.
(13) Several experiments showed that he had a poor phonological image of the target word and was poorly helped by phonological cues.
(14) The controls for phonologically ambiguous words were the same words in their alternative, nonambiguous alphabetic transcription.
(15) The form in which phonological information is stored in the lexical entries of young children, and how this form changes over time, are questions which are difficult to address, given the limitations of current methodologies.
(16) Three experiments were conducted to show that phonological encoding is typical for visually-presented letter strings, and that an interactive activation model with a phonological route to the mental lexicon accounts adequately for the word-superiority effect.
(17) He had more difficulty reading longer words (word-length effect), but had no selective reading impairment in phonologic or semantic analysis.
(18) Low age-weighted scores on production of velars, liquids, and postvocalic singleton obstruents, along with elevated thresholds at 500 Hz and a history of early onset and late remission from OME, were the most important variables characterizing children who did not catch up phonologically by age 3.
(19) Since pointing conveys information that is critical for the prelexical derivation of phonology, it was hypothesized that its absence would prove detrimental for left hemisphere (LH) but not for right hemisphere (RH) reading and that, for the former, pointing effects would increase with increasing word length.
(20) Ss in phonological priming conditions systematically modified their responses on unrelated priming trials in perceptual identification, and they were slower and more errorful on unrelated trials in lexical decision than were Ss in phonetic priming conditions.
Syllable
Definition:
(n.) An elementary sound, or a combination of elementary sounds, uttered together, or with a single effort or impulse of the voice, and constituting a word or a part of a word. In other terms, it is a vowel or a diphtong, either by itself or flanked by one or more consonants, the whole produced by a single impulse or utterance. One of the liquids, l, m, n, may fill the place of a vowel in a syllable. Adjoining syllables in a word or phrase need not to be marked off by a pause, but only by such an abatement and renewal, or reenforcement, of the stress as to give the feeling of separate impulses. See Guide to Pronunciation, /275.
(n.) In writing and printing, a part of a word, separated from the rest, and capable of being pronounced by a single impulse of the voice. It may or may not correspond to a syllable in the spoken language.
(n.) A small part of a sentence or discourse; anything concise or short; a particle.
(v. t.) To pronounce the syllables of; to utter; to articulate.
Example Sentences:
(1) Real ear CVRs, calculated from real ear recordings of nonsense syllables, were obtained from eight hearing-impaired listeners.
(2) In addition, they were tested with dichotic listening for correct reports of consonant-vowel syllables.
(3) There is recent evidence that children naturally divide syllables into the opening consonant or consonant cluster (the onset) and the rest of the syllable (the rime).
(4) Children in the first group were provided training by their parents that was intended to focus the child's attention on consonants in syllables or words and to teach discrimination between correctly and incorrectly articulated consonants.
(5) Older hearing controls (14-16 years) matched the deaf group in span and tended to recall most accurately written syllables which are not easily lipread.
(6) Free recall of nonsense syllables was significantly better when these were learned under active compound.
(7) Under some conditions, visual information can override auditory information to the extent that identification judgments of a visually influenced syllable can be as consistent as for an analogous audiovisually compatible syllable.
(8) The major findings were as follows: (1) no significant difference was found in consonant identification scores between aperiodic, aperiodic + vocalic transition, and vocalic transition segments in CV syllables compared to those in VC syllables; (2) consonant identifications from vocalic transition + vowel segments in VC syllables were significantly greater than those from vocalic transition + vowel segments in CV syllables; (3) no significant difference was found in vowel identification scores between aperiodic + vocalic transition, vocalic transition + vowel, and vocalic transition segments in CV syllables compared to those in VC syllables; and (4) vowel identifications from aperiodic segments were significantly greater in CV syllables than in VC syllables.
(9) In the first, span and free-recall measures were obtained for 24 subjects, each tested with four types of spoken material (nonsense syllables, random words, fourth-order approximations to English, and normal prose).
(10) A reading battery composed of eight different subtests was given to each patient (reading of letters, reading of syllables, reading of pseudowords, reading of words, reading of sentences, understanding commands, reading and comprehension of texts, and logographic reading).
(11) "I'm Ms Dy-na-mi-TEE-ee," she sang on the chorus, putting an emphasis on the penultimate syllable.
(12) Using tonal stimuli based on the nonspeech stimuli of Mattingly et al., we found that subjects, with appropriate practice, could classify nonspeech chirp, short bleat, and bleat continua with boundaries equivalent to the syllable place continuum of Mattingly et al.
(13) After learning to categorize syllables consisting of [d], [b], or [g] followed by four different vowels, quail correctly categorized syllables in which the same consonants preceded eight novel vowels.
(14) Discourse passages and consonant nonsense syllables, presented in quiet and in noise, were used as the test conditions.
(15) The interactive effects of these modifications were evaluated by obtaining indices of nonsense syllable recognition ability from normally hearing listeners for systematically varied combinations of the four signal parameters.
(16) This study was designed to investigate the effects of self-evaluative responses with feedback in a nonsense syllable recognition task (Experiment I) and a concept learning task (Experiment II).
(17) All subjects received 60 monaural and dichotic consonant-vowel (CV) nonsense syllables presented at equal loudness levels using the most comfortable level (MCL) as the loudness criteria.
(18) Stutterers react emotionally to syllables they stutter because they experience difficulty in articulating those syllables.
(19) For the reverberant condition, the sentences were played through a room with a reverberation time of 1.2 s. The CVC syllables were removed from the sentences and presented in pairs to ten subjects with audiometrically normal hearing, who judged the similarity of the syllable pairs separately for the nonreverberant and reverberant conditions.
(20) Well-formed syllable production is established in the first 10 months of life by hearing infants but not by deaf infants, indicating that audition plays an important role in vocal development.