(n.) The science or doctrine of the elementary sounds uttered by the human voice in speech, including the various distinctions, modifications, and combinations of tones; phonetics. Also, a treatise on sounds.
Example Sentences:
(1) As evidence, they show no mediated semantic-phonological priming during picture naming: Retrieval of sheep primes goat, but the activation of goat is not transmitted to its phonological relative, goal.
(2) Experimental subjects produced the phonologically inadmissible [3a], [u'mI], [vepsilon], and control subjects produced the phonologically allowable [d3a], [u'mî], [veI].
(3) This article attempts to look at factors which are common to the development both of phonology and reading ability.
(4) Two consequences of these conditions are (1) patient classification into syndrome types (e.g., phonological dysgraphia, agrammatism, and so forth) can play no useful role in research concerned with issues about the structure of normal cognitive functioning or its dissolution under conditions of brain damage; and (2) only single-patient studies allow valid inferences about the structure of cognitive mechanisms from the analysis of impaired performance.
(5) Finally, it is suggested that the gestural approach clarifies our understanding of phonological development, by positing that prelinguistic units of action are harnessed into (gestural) phonological structures through differentiation and coordination.
(6) This study examined the relationship between productive phonological knowledge and generalization learning patterns in phonologically disordered children.
(7) Printed-word comprehension appeared to involve prior retrieval of a phonological code for less frequent words.
(8) were careful to point out, further studies of the effect of target choice on changes in the phonological system are needed.
(9) Target discrimination accuracy was inversely related to the phonological complexity of strings containing targets in Experiment 3, supposedly because lexical access through which target discrimination is enhanced becomes more difficult as phonological complexity increases.
(10) This article presents 4 experiments aimed at defining the primary underlying phonological processing deficit(s) in adult dyslexia.
(11) The search for the acoustic properties useful to the listener in extracting the linguistic message from a speech signal is often construed as the task of matching invariant physical properties to invariant phonological percepts; the discovery of the former will explain the latter.
(12) In Experiment 1, the definitions that Jones used with phonological interlopers created more TOTs even when no interlopers were presented.
(13) Several experiments showed that he had a poor phonological image of the target word and was poorly helped by phonological cues.
(14) The controls for phonologically ambiguous words were the same words in their alternative, nonambiguous alphabetic transcription.
(15) The form in which phonological information is stored in the lexical entries of young children, and how this form changes over time, are questions which are difficult to address, given the limitations of current methodologies.
(16) Three experiments were conducted to show that phonological encoding is typical for visually-presented letter strings, and that an interactive activation model with a phonological route to the mental lexicon accounts adequately for the word-superiority effect.
(17) He had more difficulty reading longer words (word-length effect), but had no selective reading impairment in phonologic or semantic analysis.
(18) Low age-weighted scores on production of velars, liquids, and postvocalic singleton obstruents, along with elevated thresholds at 500 Hz and a history of early onset and late remission from OME, were the most important variables characterizing children who did not catch up phonologically by age 3.
(19) Since pointing conveys information that is critical for the prelexical derivation of phonology, it was hypothesized that its absence would prove detrimental for left hemisphere (LH) but not for right hemisphere (RH) reading and that, for the former, pointing effects would increase with increasing word length.
(20) Ss in phonological priming conditions systematically modified their responses on unrelated priming trials in perceptual identification, and they were slower and more errorful on unrelated trials in lexical decision than were Ss in phonetic priming conditions.
Syntax
Definition:
(n.) Connected system or order; union of things; a number of things jointed together; organism.
(n.) That part of grammar which treats of the construction of sentences; the due arrangement of words in sentences in their necessary relations, according to established usage in any language.
Example Sentences:
(1) This method seems the best way to evaluate the respective interactions of intonation with syntax and pragmatics.
(2) Therefore it would be valuable to use a representation that would allow: knowledge transfer between different systems, users, experts and 'importers' to be able to evaluate the logic, experts to easily input their knowledge and be guided how to use the syntax.
(3) Both of these programs utilize a logical syntax permitting easy identification and partition of a data set.
(4) Processing load was varied systematically while holding syntax constant in an effort to determine whether processing factors contribute to poor readers' comprehension problems, or whether poor readers are simply lacking the structural knowledge required to understand sentences containing temporal terms.
(5) Between the sequential motor-phoneme identification and memory systems were sites where only naming or reading were altered, including sites related exclusively by syntax.
(6) discrimination of language features like phonematics, syntax, semantic, and their lateralisation within ages) as far as standard-scales for all-over-accuity and lateralisation will exist.
(7) The retrieval efficiency was tested using STAIRS-IBM program product with the syntax operators "or", "and", "not", "with", and "adj".
(8) The syntax is easy to learn and may be used with a minimum of training.
(9) Measures administered included the Western Aphasia Battery, Test for Syntactic Complexity, and Chomsky Test of Syntax.
(10) A third purpose was to reexamine the claim that despite their semantic-pragmatic deficiencies, the syntax of hydrocephalic children is age appropriate.
(11) We present a stroke patient with impaired morphology but, unlike Broca's aphasics, relative sparing of syntax.
(12) Both samples of disabled readers appeared able to use syntactic information as an independent source of sentential information in reading, even the sample whose reading disability was associated with oral syntax deficits.
(13) Song syntax, defined as orderly temporal arrangements of acoustic units within a bird song, is a conspicuous feature of the songs of many species of passerine birds.
(14) After a survey of relevant descriptions in the literature the postoperative linguistic findings (lexic and morphology, syntax, relationship between idea and expressive realization) are described and compared with similar findings in the literature.
(15) The enigmatic patience of the sentences, the pedantic syntax, the peculiar antiquity of the diction, the strange recessed distance of the writing, in which everything seems milky and sub-aqueous, just beyond reach – all of this gives Sebald his particular flavour, so that sometimes it seems that we are reading not a particular writer but an emanation of literature.
(16) The current research takes the approach of asking whether the prosodic characteristics that are distinctive to motherese could play a special role in facilitating the acquisition of syntax.
(17) We studied "formal thought disorder" in schizophrenics, schizoaffectives, and manics by examining syntax processing and perception of meaning, using the "embedded click" and "memory for gist tasks," two paradigms that were developed by psycholinguists.
(18) Discretion also governs another feature of the typically Wodehousean syntax – abbreviation.
(19) According to the problems, different appropriate methods of dialogue were used: the simple sequential dialoque, command languages and, for more complex input, a syntax analyser.
(20) It covered three areas: (1) grammar, syntax, and prose style; (2) construction of scientific papers; and (3) the submissions and review process.