What's the difference between phony and sham?

Phony


Definition:

Example Sentences:

  • (1) He said that it was the "poor looking for work" who had paid the price for the "phony 50p rate" because it had made the country "uncompetitive".
  • (2) "It opens the door for teaching a phony controversy," he said.
  • (3) In March, he called Trump a “phony” and dissed Trump’s business acumen.
  • (4) The political battle over memorials follows a separate row over "phony" arrival ceremonies, in which flag-draped coffins of dead military personnel were carried from planes and presented to relatives.
  • (5) Brilliant young author rails against the "phony" nature of modern life but, unlike many before him, does not eventually sell out and conform but puts his money where his mouth is and moves out to the proverbial shack in the woods to pursue his vision.
  • (6) Over the past eight months, Italian investigators have peeled away layers of false leads, attempted cover-ups, and phony evidence, to build a clearer picture of what happened to Giulio Regeni than at first seemed possible.
  • (7) Nowhere is this transition better documented than with the phony but ubiquitous rule on when to use "which" and when to use "that".
  • (8) And I look forward to him being a good president.” The video sought to remind the public of just how big an advocate Bush once was before he took to doling out what Rubio’s campaign dubbed as “phony attacks”.
  • (9) Romney said “it’s not easy to win,” adding that Trump offered a vision that “connected with the American people in a very powerful way.” His comments are a departure from his stance during the campaign, when Romney was sharply critical of Trump, calling him a “phony” and a fraud whose promises were worthless.
  • (10) But its activists are as likely to be denounced by Islamists at Muslim Engagement and Development (Mend) for being “phony” Muslims as they are to be denounced by the Telegraph .
  • (11) Trump had previously made this argument in a series of tweets on Sunday night, alleging “the people of Colorado had their vote taken away from them by the phony politicians.
  • (12) His story starts at Pencey Prep, a prestigious boarding school filled with "phonies", as Holden likes to call them.
  • (13) Though he has presented a plan that would cut taxes for the richest Americans, in May he said: “ For the wealthy, I think, frankly, it’s going to go up .” Hillary Clinton “She’s a world-class liar; just look at her pathetic email server statements, or her phony landing ... in Bosnia where she said she was under attack and the attack turned out to be young girls handing her flowers.” – 22 June, New York City Clinton has answered questions about the private email server she used as secretary of state with careful, legalistic language.
  • (14) Despite his phony credentials as a cleric, Guinness felt strongly that the reality of this trust was important.
  • (15) It was a system in which phony invoices and receipts thrived next to phantom committees and working groups that never met.
  • (16) "As fewer and fewer readers are able to find their way, amid all the noise and disappointing books and phony reviews, to the work produced by the new generation of this kind of writer, Amazon is well on its way to making writers into the kind of prospectless workers whom its contractors employ in its warehouses, labouring harder for less and less, with no job security, because the warehouses are situated in places where they're the only business hiring," Franzen writes.
  • (17) During the campaign, Romney delivered searing criticism of Trump’s business acumen, temperament and personal conduct, calling him at turns a “fraud” and a “phony” who would usher in an era of “trickle-down racism”.
  • (18) She pointed to the fact that both characters love to use the words "goddam", "phony", "crumby", "lousy", "hell", "bastard", and the phrase "kills me".
  • (19) In November, MEND’s chief executive, Sufyan Gulam Ismail, announced to a Manchester mosque: “We don’t want the government to fob us off with some phony thing called Tell MAMA, which has got a pro-Zionist pretty much heading it, or in a very senior capacity, and is making all sorts of comments we might not agree with when it comes to homosexuality, to be recording Islamophobia.” Tell MAMA’s offence is to try to be consistently anti-racist.
  • (20) Asked if the letter was phony, Araud replied: "It's not a false letter, it's a false president."

Sham


Definition:

  • (n.) That which deceives expectation; any trick, fraud, or device that deludes and disappoint; a make-believe; delusion; imposture, humbug.
  • (n.) A false front, or removable ornamental covering.
  • (a.) False; counterfeit; pretended; feigned; unreal; as, a sham fight.
  • (v. t.) To trick; to cheat; to deceive or delude with false pretenses.
  • (v. t.) To obtrude by fraud or imposition.
  • (v. t.) To assume the manner and character of; to imitate; to ape; to feign.
  • (v. i.) To make false pretenses; to deceive; to feign; to impose.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The results indicated that smoke, as opposed to sham puffs, significantly reduced reports of cigarette craving, and local anesthesia significantly blocked this immediate reduction in craving produced by smoke inhalation.
  • (2) Five days later, the animals were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: Group 1 received intracranial implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 2 received intraperitoneal implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 3 received serial intraperitoneal injections of dexamethasone; and Group 4 received sham treatment.
  • (3) In contrast sham-hemodialysis in group CA and group PS, respectively, did not result in significant increases in amino acid efflux from the leg implying that the protein catabolic effect of blood membrane contact depends on the chemical properties of dialysis membranes.
  • (4) Meanwhile Ed Miliband, the Labour leader, waiting anxiously for news of the scale of the Labour advance in his first nationwide electoral test, will urge the electorate not to be duped by the promise of a coalition mark 2, predicting sham concessions by the Conservatives .
  • (5) The plasma renin activity of the 1 day post-stenosis rats showed 65% higher activity than the sham controls with no significant change in the 30-60 days post-stenosis.
  • (6) The results indicate that, regardless of the photoperiod, no clear functional relationship can be found between the avian pineal gland and thyroid function, although a transitory increase in T4 levels was seen in both pinealectomized and sham-operated birds shortly after the operations.
  • (7) The amounts of erythropoietin produced in animals subjected to hepatectomy are significantly higher than those observed in sham-operated animals.
  • (8) However, stimulation of the release of NTLI by intraduodenal administration of oleic acid (0.2 ml) resulted in significantly higher p-NTLI levels in the nephrectomized rats than in the sham operated rats.
  • (9) Three groups of male rats received lesions of AP and another 3 groups received sham lesion.
  • (10) Pretreatment with CV6209 had no significant influence on these parameters in sham-operated animals.
  • (11) We found that kidney extracts from 6 h and 24 h uninephrectomized rats increased [3H]thymidine incorporation into tubular cell DNA, dose-dependently, compared to those from sham-operated rats.
  • (12) The sizes of adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (N) cells in the adrenal medulla of nonoperated (NO), sham-operated (SPX), and pinealectomized (PX) male rats (n = 126) were investigated by quantitative light microscopy.
  • (13) The concentrations and total content of the nicotinamide nucleotides were measured in the livers of rats at various times after partial hepatectomy and laparotomy (sham hepatectomy) and correlated with other events in the regeneration process.
  • (14) The volume densities of the differing strial components from steroid-administered animals were determined to approximate those of sham-adrenalectomized animals in general.
  • (15) With five daily 1-hr occlusions of the hepatic artery, rats benefited from significantly reduced tumor growth rates compared with controls that underwent sham operation (P less than 0.05).
  • (16) In the dynamic phase the weight of interscapular brown adipose tissue was significantly increased in the VMH-lesioned rats, but the specific GDP binding was depressed both in the morning and afternoon when compared with either the sham-operated or PVN-lesioned groups.
  • (17) There were no changes in the joints which had sham operations.
  • (18) In contrast, in Px-SUC both masses were comparable to the sham groups.
  • (19) Only at 3 days did total plasma volume of SAD rats show a modest reduction of about 16% (P less than 0.05 vs. sham-operated plus unoperated controls).
  • (20) The binding of 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor (EGF) was compared in acini isolated from the regenerating remnant following 90% partial pancreatectomy (ppx) and from the pancreas of sham-pancreatectomized (sham-ppx) rats.