What's the difference between phosphate and struvite?
Phosphate
Definition:
(n.) A salt of phosphoric acid.
Example Sentences:
(1) The proportion of motile spermatozoa decreased with time at the same rate when samples were prepared in either HEPES or phosphate buffers.
(2) One hour after direct mechanical cardiomassage (DMCM) a moderately pronounced edema of the intercellular spaces in the basal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium, normal content of lactate and succinate dehydrogenases, and a certain decrease in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases and NAD- and NADP-diaphorases were noted.
(3) Changes in cardiac adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) were followed and intracellular pH (pHi) was estimated from the chemical shift of Pi.
(4) Plasma membranes were isolated from rat kidney and their transport properties for sodium, calcium, protons, phosphate, glucose, lactate, and phenylalanine were investigated.
(5) The 0.1 M phosphate buffer eluant was electrophoretically heterogeneous and did not elicit the production of bactericidal antibodies in rabbits.
(6) The acute effect of alcohol manifested itself by decreasing mitochondrial respiration, compensated by increased glycolytic activity of the myocardium so that myocardial energy phosphate concentration remained unchanged.
(7) A retrospective study was done in 86 patients on dialysis in order to evaluate the doses of aluminum hydroxide (OH3 Al) received to achieve a better serum phosphate control.
(8) Infusion of 1 unit of 25-HCC per hour for 6 hours induced an antiphosphaturia only when administered with 0.2 units of PTH per hour, while neither agent alone changed phosphate excretion.
(9) The present results using approximately 12% hemoglobin concentration in 0.1 M Bistris buffer at pD 7 and 27 degrees C with and without organic phosphate show that there is no significant line broadening on oxygenation (from 0 to 50% saturation) to affect the determination of the intensities or areas of these resonances.
(10) The amount of phosphate incorporated per molecule was higher for NF 200 than for NF 145 and NF 68.
(11) Resorption of calcium and depositon of inorganic phosphates in the implanted ceramics suggested that ions were being exchanged with the body fluids.
(12) sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate was found to decrease the quasi-stationary concentration of Fru 2,6-P2.
(13) At constant arterial pO2, changes in coronary flow were associated with changes in energy-rich phosphates, but not systematically with changes in coronary venous pO2.
(14) Antigenic specificity was demonstrated between tricalcium phosphate ceramic and fetal bovine serum in crisscross.
(15) Rhesus monkey BAT mitochondria (BATM) possess an uncoupling protein that is characteristic of BAT as evidenced by the binding of [3H]GDP, the inhibition by GDP of the high Cl- permeability or rapid alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate oxidation.
(16) Incubation of I diaphragms with isoproterenol did not significantly increase the concentrations of AMP, IMP or inorganic phosphate, activators of phosphorylase beta activity, nor was there a decrease in ATP and glucose 6-phosphate content, allosteric inhibitors of phosphorylase beta activity.
(17) It is unclear if the changes in high-energy phosphates during endotoxin shock cause irreversibility.
(18) We tested the hypothesis that furosemide interferes with energy generation in the cochlea, and determined its effect on CO2 formation from glucose and glyceroaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity by examining biochemical and histochemical changes in the cochlea, the kidney, and the liver.
(19) Several aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are herein shown to catalyze the AMP----ADP and ADP----ATP exchange reactions (in the absence of tRNAs) by utilizing a transfer of the gamma-phosphate of ATP to reactive AMP and ADP intermediates that are probably the mixed anhydrides of the nucleotide and the corresponding amino acid.
(20) No difference in urinary sodium or potassium excretion was observed between SHR and WKY, but basal calcium and phosphate excretion were reduced in SHR (P less than 0.05).
Struvite
Definition:
(n.) A crystalline mineral found in guano. It is a hydrous phosphate of magnesia and ammonia.
Example Sentences:
(1) X-ray diffraction analysis of the crystals showed a diffraction pattern characteristic of struvite (ammonium magnesium phosphate).
(2) This experimental study has shown that hydroxyurea may be useful in the management of struvite stones and deserves further study.
(3) A case of aggressive struvite stone production caused by Corynebacterium group F1 is reported that responded to the appropriate antibiotic treatment.
(4) A large number of trace elements has been found in calcium stones (whewellite, weddellite, and apatite) and in struvite.
(5) It is therefore likely that the inhibitory activity displayed by sodium citrate might be related to its ability to complex magnesium or to interfere with the crystal structure during struvite formation.
(6) Nitrofurantoin, sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin also slowed the formation of struvite calculi in infected rats and together with benurestat a potentiation of the inhibition of calculi formation was secured.
(7) Previous to this report D2 organisms have been associated only with alkaline-encrusted cystitis and struvite stones in urology.
(8) We report on a patient operated upon 8 times for recurrent bilateral struvite stones.
(9) Salicyl and gentiso derivatives favour the formation of brushite together with struvite and apatite.
(10) Biochemical stone analyses showed struvite in 9 of the treated stones, and urine cultures verified the presence of urease-producing bacteria in 10 patients.
(11) While most of this inhibition by AHA was due to lowered urease activity, some crystal growth inhibition occurred in struvite produced in the absence of urease activity through NH4OH titration of artificial urine.
(12) Addition of only 0.5 per cent human urine gave a reproducible decrease and when 10 per cent human urine was added to the synthetic urine the precipitation of calcium phosphate was reduced by 50 per cent and that of struvite by 75 per cent.
(13) Under the polarizing microscope the dissolving effect of 5 per cent tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution on struvite after 30 minutes of incubation was equivalent to the use of saline for 24 hours.
(14) Urine samples were taken at random and the pH and the presence of struvite crystals in their sediment estimated.
(15) Because CGD2 infection of the urinary tract may require specific antimicrobial treatment and because CGD2 is a fastidious microorganism, we recommend prolonged incubation of urine cultures (up to 48-72 hours), especially if the routine culture is negative, when patients are symptomatic, have alkaline urine, or have struvite crystals in the urine sediment.
(16) The main components were ammonium dihydrogen-urate (70%), carbonate apatite and struvite.
(17) Infrared spectroscopic analysis of 741 canine urinary calculi revealed that struvite stones, 58% of the total, were the ones most commonly to be found.
(18) Men and women with mixed struvite, calcium oxalate stones were hypercalciuric, but women with struvite stones were not.
(19) Urine alkalinization favours the formation of calcium phosphate (CaP) and struvite stones.
(20) Different irrigating solutions are used clinically to dissolve uric acid, cystine and struvite stones.