(n.) The hypothetical radical PH4, analogous to ammonium, and regarded as the nucleus of certain derivatives of phosphine.
Example Sentences:
(1) It is also found to be sensitive to inhibition by tetraphenyl phosphonium, magnesium, and ruthenium red.
(2) The accumulation of lipophilic cation radiolabeled tri-phenylmethyl phosphonium (TPMP+) was utilized to determine the resting membrane potential across the plasma membrane psi.
(3) The state of the skeleton was studied in 62 patients with otosclerosis to investigate diagnostic potentialities of 99mTc-phosphonium, of them in 34 patients the diagnosis was confirmed at operation.
(4) The stimulation of AIB transport following ouabain removal was largely abolished by a proton ionophore (1799), a lipophilic cation (tetraphenyl-phosphonium), or ouabain.
(5) These compounds were prepared by modification of the Corey prostaglandin synthesis utilizing as a key step condensation of known hemiacetals with the ylide derived from the requisite substituted phosphonium salts.
(6) The fatty acid composition of the resulting phosphonium phosphatidylcholine is similar to that of phosphatidylcholine.
(7) The phosphonium ions used here promote desensitization of the receptor, as judged by the binding rate of the fluorescent agonist NBDA-C5-acylcholine or alpha-bungarotoxin.
(8) The procedure starts with readily available aldehydes or ketones and the common intermediate p-bromobenzyltriphenyl-phosphonium bromide in a Wittig reaction and proceeds in good yield through p-bromostyrene and p-cyanostyrene intermediates.
(9) An electrode sensitive to tetraphenyl phosphonium (TPP+) was applied to monitor the changes in the membrane potential of the ciliate Blepharisma japonicum during the process of cell elongation.
(10) Evidence consistent with the operation of a single efflux system for compounds such as phosphonium ions, phenanthridiniums and flavines is presented.
(11) Overshoot can be diminished but not suppressed by a proton-conducting uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide m chlorophenylhydrazone, (CCCP) and by a liposoluble cation, triphenyl-methyl phosphonium (TPMP+).
(12) The transmembrane potential, as measured from the equilibrium distribution of tritiated triphenylmethyl phosphonium and by using the fluorescent probe, Di-S-C3(5), is approximately -37 millivolts.
(13) The average membrane potential was estimated by measuring the uptake of [3H]tetraphenyl phosphonium ([3H]Ph4P+).
(14) Uptake of the lipophilic cation tetraphenyl phosphonium was largely abolished by addition of magainin A and PGLa showed synergism with respect to release of respiratory control.
(15) In the suspension of cytochrome oxidase proteoliposome the uptake of a cationic penetrant (tetraphenyl phosphonium cation) was found to be coupled with electron transfer via external cytochrome c. Electron transfer via intraproteoliposomal cytochrome c induced the uptake of anionic penetrants (tetraphenyl borate and phenyldicarbaundecaborane anions).
(16) As judged by the uptake of the voltage-sensitive probe [3H]triphenylmethyl phosphonium we observed a close correlation between conditions which inhibit virus infection and which cause depolarization of the cells.
(17) The rate of synthesis and degradation of phosphatidylcholine and of the phosphonium analogue are similar.
(18) Several radioiodinated iodopentenyl-trisubstituted phosphonium, arsonium, and ammonium iodides have been prepared and evaluated in rats to determine the effects of structural variations of the cations on myocardial uptake and retention.
(19) The activation energy for both the porphyrin and phosphonium cation induced conductance is more positive than that of the tetraphenylboride conductance.
(20) We have synthesized 20,20,20-trifluoroarachidonic acid by the cis-selective Wittig reaction of the C12-C20 fragment with phosphonium salt.
Tetravalent
Definition:
(a.) Having a valence of four; tetratomic; quadrivalent.
Example Sentences:
(1) The oxidative properties of Vv can be used in the photocolorimetric determination of those reducers which give no other reactions with vanadium ions-penta and tetravalent.
(2) (which gives different products) but is attributed to an oxidizing intermediate resulting from the two electron oxidation of Fe2+ to a peroxo complex, or a derivative of tetravalent iron.
(3) The retention of the tetravalent and pentavalent vanadium forms was also investigated 1 d after oral administration.
(4) Two different tetravalent polysaccharide vaccines against group A, C, Y, and W135 meningococci were given to 118 infants aged 6 to 23 months; the same vaccines were administered in a second dose 12 months later to those infants aged 6 to 11 months at first vaccination.
(5) The cytostatic and cytocidal effects of a newly synthesized tetravalent platinum drug (CBDCA-ox) on two experimental ascites tumors as well as on normal tissues of the mouse were investigated.
(6) The data suggest that aldehydes formed during the process of lipid peroxidation induced by tetravalent vanadium react with the proteins in LDL to form fluorescent chromolipids and that the oxidative process originates within the hydrophobic domain of LDL.
(7) For a model experiment, artificial phospholipid membranes have been used to study the effect of uni-, di-, tri- and tetravalent cations on the adhesion process.
(8) Succinylated-Con A (bivalent) binds to the same receptors as native Con A (tetravalent) but does not elicit lamellipodium extension unless crosslinked with anti-Con A IgG.
(9) The effects of tetravalent conconavalin A and its succinylated derivative on the intracellular production of superoxide anion (O-2) and its release into cell exterior of peritoneal macrophages were observed.
(10) We conducted a prospective randomized double blind study to determine: (1) the safety and immunogenicity of live oral tetravalent human-rhesus rotavirus reassortant vaccine in neonates; and (2) whether a second dose at the age of 6 to 8 weeks enhances the immunogenicity.
(11) Opsonic and bactericidal functions of serum were examined in the half-brother after immunization with tetravalent meningococcal vaccine.
(12) Conformational alterations induced in DNA by the binding of various bivalent and tetravalent platinum complexes were characterized by means of differential pulse polarography and circular dichroism spectroscopy.
(13) The binding of tetravalent concanavalin A to the surface glycoproteins of macrophages caused a marked increase in the rate of oxygen consumption due to the activation of the hexose monophosphate shunt.
(14) It is shown that the process of DNA condensation becomes spontaneous in the presence of divalent cations in methanol, and in the presence of tri- or tetravalent cations in water media.
(15) Such prevalence is lower than the one rated in the civil population, demonstrating the major importance of vector control to limit spreading of such an epidemic as a tetravalent vaccine is not yet available.
(16) Anti-CR2 antibody HB5, tetravalent P13, and P28 conjugated to BSA, enhanced the ability of F(ab')2 fragments of the IgG fraction of goat anti-human mu antibody to increase human B cell [Ca2+]i.
(17) This results suggest a possible positive influence of tetravalent vanadium on the stability of cell membranes.
(18) Also hemotoxicity of this tetravalent drug was markedly lower than that of CBDCA.
(19) While the stimulatory effect of vanadate, an anion of pentavalent vanadium, on adenylate cyclase (AC) has been repeatedly demonstrated in various tissues only a few studies have been hitherto devoted to the effect of vanadyl, a cation of tetravalent vanadium, but these have provided contradictory results.
(20) PFRAP results reported here show that: (a) most clustered AChR (approximately 86%) are rotationally immobile within a time scale of at least several seconds; and (b) most nonclustered AChR (approximately 76%) are rotationally mobile with characteristic times ranging from less than 50 ms to 0.1 s. External cross-linking with the tetravalent lectin concanavalin A immobilizes many nonclustered AChR.