(1) Phyla as diverse as insects, birds, and mammals possess distinct HRAS and KRAS sequences, suggesting that these genes are essential to metazoa.
(2) The ruthenium red method was also used on a number of marine invertebrate embryos and larvae, representing different phyla, to facilitate comparisons between their surface coats.
(3) The presence of the isoenzymic type of PK which was recognized by the monoclonals, (type L), was traced in five phyla of marine invertebrates by the application of the monoclonal antibodies A, B and C. 4.
(4) The complete nucleotide sequence of 16S rRNA from Propionigenium modestum was determined and compared with 380 16S rRNA sequences from representatives of all eu- and archaebacterial phyla known so far.
(5) Proteins in which some or all of the tyrosine side chains are post-translationally modified to dihydroxyphenylalanine have been found in several invertebrate phyla.
(6) Inasmuch as the identified neural circuits discussed in this review pertain only to the nervous systems of two invertebrate species, one may ask whether or not these findings are generally applicable to central nervous oscillators that generate rhythmic movements in animals of other species and phyla, particularly in the vertebrates.
(7) Phylogenetic trees also reveal an adaptive radiation within the eubacteria and another within the eukaryotes for the origins of most major phyla within each group during the Precambrian era.
(8) This shows that cycloartenol, the sterol precursor in plants and algae, is also the sterol precursor in Naegleria species, and that these amoebae, like A. polyphaga, are related by some biosynthetic pathways to photosynthetic phyla.
(9) We show that the sequence of Drosophila cyclin B has greater identity with B-type cyclins from other animal phyla than with Drosophila cyclin A, suggesting that the two cyclins have distinct roles that have been maintained in evolution.
(10) The classification thus seeks to offer a compromise between the protist and protoctist kingdoms of Whittaker and Margulis and to combine a full listing of phyla with grouping of these for synoptic treatment.
(11) Different phyla solved the various problems differently; sometimes there was convergent evolution.
(12) The evolutionary importance of a generalized intercellular communication system can be appreciated when one considers the widespread prevalence of gap junctions within animals of all multicellular phyla, and within almost all tissues of vertebrates.
(13) In invertebrates, belonging to the protostomian evolution line, the neuronal parts of the NES predominate markedly, and in the most highly developed phyla, such as artropods and molluscs, clear-cut evidence has been obtained for the presence of cells producing members of the islet hormone families.
(14) Serotonergic terminal fields appeared to be conserved across phyla with additional innervation evident in specialized sensory regions such as the electrosensory nuclei of gymnotiform and mormyriform fish.
(15) egl-5 and mab-5 may constitute a 'mini-cluster' of regional determination genes, similar to those described in other animal phyla.
(16) The first cyclic sterol precursor is cycloartenol, which is the sterol precursor in all photosynthetic phyla.
(17) Besides giving clues about the mechanisms by which tRNA genes move during mitochondrial DNA evolution, this finding leads us to propose a pathway relating the arrangements of other genes in mitochondrial DNAs from four animal phyla.
(18) In the central nervous system of some species of several invertebrate phyla, including land planarians (Platyhelminthes), ribbon worms (Nemertina), slugs (Mollusca), polychaetes, earthworms and leeches (Annelida), pill bugs (Arthropoda), and beard worms (Pogonophora), salmon calcitonin-immunoreactive cells and rat calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive cells were found by immunohistochemistry.
(19) The domain, PFMPNLVPPKI is encoded by the 5' region of the cardiac gene exon 10 and is present in hearts across a broad range of phyla.
(20) This generalization spans nearly eight orders of magnitude in body mass and includes two phyla.
Phyle
Definition:
(n.) A local division of the people in ancient Athens; a clan; a tribe.